不同河岸植被种植密度情况下河流演化试验分析  

Experiment and analysis of river evolution under different planting densities of riparian vegetation

作　　者：白玉川[1,2] 杨树青[2] 徐海珏[1,2] BAI Yuchuan;YANG Shuqing;XU Haijue(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072;Institute for Sedimentation on River and Coastal Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学河流海岸工程泥沙研究所,天津300072

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2018年第11期107-120,共14页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51279124);中国博士后科学基金(2017M622978)

摘　　要：研究不同河岸植被密度对河流演化的影响响应对于预测洪水期河道的演化过程及人工种植植被的生态治河工程有一定的实际意义。研究采用自然模型试验方法,通过改变河岸植被种植密度及单双岸布设方式,模拟研究不同的河岸边界条件对河道曲流稳定特性、河岸侵蚀及输沙强度的影响。试验结果表明:(1)有无植被河岸具有不同的侵蚀特点;(2)一岸植被覆盖的河道其曲流稳定性较差,对于两岸植被覆盖的河道,植被覆盖率越大,越易形成稳定的窄深型复式河道;(3)近岸沿程床面高程变化幅度随植被覆盖率增大而增大。河岸植被种植对河湾稳定性及河岸抗冲刷能力起到了积极的作用,但增加了近岸的垂向冲刷。To study the effects of different riparian vegetation densities on river evolution is practically significant for predicting the river evolution process in flood period and the ecological river engineering of artificial planting vegetation. In this work, a natural model experiment method is used to study the influence of different riparian boundary conditions of a river channel on its stability characteristics, bank erosion, and sediment transport intensity, by varying planting density and comparing single-bank planting and double-bank planting. The results show that（1） The riverbank is eroded differently with or without vegetation coverage.（2） With single-bank planting, the river bend has a poor stability, while with doublebank planting of larger coverage rate, it is easier for a river to form composite cross sections with a stable narrow, deep channel.（3） The variation in near-bank bed elevation is increased with an increasing coverage rate. Riparian vegetation plays a positive role in river bend stability and bank erosion resistibility, but it intensifies near-bank bed cutting.

关 键 词：自然模型试验 河流演变 河岸植被 植被覆盖率 河岸侵蚀 输沙强度 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]