黄河流域产流侵蚀及其分布特性的变异  

Variations in runoff and erosion and their distributions in the Yellow River basin

作　　者：王延贵 陈康[2] 陈吟 刘茜 WANG Yangui;CHEN Kang;CHEN Yin;LIU Xi(International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation（IRTCES）,100044,Beijing,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,100038,Beijing,China;Beijing Jiaotong University,100044,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100044 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]北京交通大学,北京100044

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2018年第5期120-128,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"水系连通性对江河水沙变异的响应机理与预测模式研究"(51679259);水利部科技成果转化项目"我国江河水沙变化态势及应对策略"(沙1003022016)

摘　　要：随着人类活动的加剧和气候变化,黄河流域水沙特性也发生了变化。为了解黄河流域产流和产沙的变化过程,通过引入区域径流深和区域输沙模数等参数,根据黄河流域主要水文站1950—2015年以来的实测水沙资料,利用Mann-Kendall统计检验法和水文量累积曲线法,深入研究黄河流域产流侵蚀过程和空间分布的变异特点。结果显示:黄河流域除唐乃亥站无明显趋势变化外,其他干流水文站和11条支流水文站的径流深和输沙模数大都以指数形式呈显著减少趋势,表明黄河流域产流产沙能力减弱。黄河上游水文站多年平均径流深和区域径流深较大,为主要产流区;中游水文站多年平均输沙模数和区域输沙模数较大,为主要产沙区;下游多年平均区域径流深和输沙模数均为负值,为水沙主要消耗区。黄河流域水沙异源现象仍然存在,但有减弱趋势。[Background] With climate changes and the frequent occurrences of human activities such as reservoir construction,soil and water conservation,and water diversion project,water and sediment characteristics in the Yellow River basin would be changing. [Methods] In order to understand the processes of the runoff and sediment yields in the Yellow River basin,according to the water and sediment field data of the main hydrological stations in the mainstreams and the main tributaries in1950—2015,the variation process and spatial distribution characteristics of runoff and erosion in the basin were studied with the Mann-Kendall statistical test method（ called M-K Method） and the hydrological accumulation curve method by introducing the parameters of regional runoff depth and regional sediment transport modulus. [Results] 1） For the runoff depth in the basin,there are no variation trend in the Tangnaihai station of the mainstream with an average value of 164. 4 mm,and decrease trends in the Lanzhou station of the mainstream and in the tributaries of the Yan River and the Beiluo River and obvious decrease trends for the other hydrologic stations in the basin in an exponential form,which shows the runoff generation capacity in other areas of the Yellow River basin gradually orobviously attenuates except for the area above the Tangnaihai station. 2） For the sediment transport modulus in the basin,except for no change trend in the Tangnaihai station with an average value of 97 t/（ km2·a）,there are obvious decrease trends for the other hydrological stations in the stem mainstream and 11 tributaries in the exponential decay law,which shows that sediment yield capacities in the basin are greatly weakened and soil erosion is reduced except for the area above the Tangnaihai station. 3） In the Yellow River basin,the upper reaches is the main area of runoff yield with the great regional runoff depth value of 138. 9 mm and the small regional sediment transport modulus value of 260. 6 t/（ km2·a） in the area above

关 键 词：产流与侵蚀 径流深 输沙模数 空间分布 黄河流域 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]