西藏林周河谷天然草地可饲用牧草的载畜量估算及主要养分评价  

Estimation of Livestock Capacity and Evaluation of Main Nutrient of Meadow Grassland on Natural Pastures of Lingdrub Valley, Tibet

作　　者：武俊喜[1] 田发益 吴庆侠 张燕杰 巴平 WU Junxi;TIAN Fay;WU Qingxia;ZHANG Yanjie;BA Ping(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Bering,100101,China;Biological and Technique center of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi Tibet,860000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]西藏农牧学院生物技术中心,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《高原农业》2017年第1期7-14,共8页Journal of Plateau Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:"缺氧环境下西藏农区牛羊的育肥机理及人工动态干预措施研究"(No.31360557);西藏自治区重点项目:基于草畜平衡的河谷型藏羊高效养殖模式研究与示范;科技部科技支撑项目:藏南典型河谷暖干草原生态与生产功能协同提升技术研究与示范(2016YFC0502004)

摘　　要：通过对具典型代表的西藏河谷天然草地进行可饲用牧草的初级生产力取样和调查,进行可饲用牧草的初级生产力估算和养分测定,结果表明,南坡天然草地随海拔高度的升高,草地植被盖度、产草量逐渐增加,在100 m左右的梯度内,大部分组间表现差异显著或极显著(P<0.05,P<0.01),但在4 150 m以上的草地,产草量开始下降;北坡没有显著差异。通过矿物质和养分分析,Mn、Ca、Mg、Fe含量随海拔升高,蓄积量表现为逐渐增加的趋势,经分析,差异不显著;粗蛋白,纤维素及热值等其它养分均无差异。表明林周天然牧草矿物质及主要养分含量均在正常范围或高于绿麦草或青稞秸秆,但单位面积产量极低,含量为44.34±14.46 g/m2(干物质),在不能满足正常采食量时,必须进行人工补饲。经估算,丰草季超载502万个绵羊单位,超载159.7%;乏草季超载493万个绵羊单位,超载率158.0%。The forage grass was investigated and sampled in natural pastures of valley belong to the typical Tibetan characteristics. The main nutrient and primary productivity were evaluated by measurement and analysis. The results showed that the coverage percentage of natural pastures, yield of grass gradually with the height of the altitude in south-facing slopes of pasture. There was significant difference or extreme significant difference （P〈0.05,P〈0.01）among majority groups within the gradient of 100 m, but the yield of grass showed the falling slowly when elevation over 4150 m. Instead, there was no significant changes in north-facing slopes.The elements content of Mn, Ca, Mg, Fe in grass increased with the increasing elevation gradient, although it showed no significant difference.The crude protein（CP）, cellulose and calorific value changed not obviously with rising of elevation. These facts were enough to prove that the main nutrients and elements were in or above the normal range than that of barley straw or green wheat straw in Lingdrub, butthe yield per unit area was poor low at 44.34±14.46 g/m2（dry matter）. The plant-eating livestock were provided supplementary feeding when the no meet the more feeding were supplied. The calculation was that the natural grassland overload 5.02 million standard sheep, overloading rate up to 159.7% in abundant grass season; and 4.93 million standard sheep, overloading rate up to 158.0% in lack of grass season;

关 键 词：天然草地 载畜量估算 可饲用牧草 养分评价 西藏林周县 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]