1981—2013年四川省视程障碍类天气现象分析  

Distribution Characteristics of Low-Visibility Weather Phenomena in Sichuan Province from 1981 to 2013

作　　者：黄晓龙 王丽伟 吴薇 陈中钰 苑跃 Huang Xiaolong;Wang Liwei;Wu Wei;Chen Zhongyu;Yuan Yue(Heavy Rain and Drought Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072;Sichuan Meteorological Observation and Data Centre,Chengdu 610072;Jilin Meteorological Information Centre,Changchun 130062)

机构地区：[1]高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室,成都610072 [2]四川省气象探测数据中心,成都610072 [3]吉林省气象信息网络中心,长春130062

出　　处：《气象科技》2018年第5期958-964,共7页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"青藏高原热力强迫与印度洋的相互作用及其对亚洲夏季风的影响"(41605038);四川省气象局课题"气象台站历史沿革数据质量控制与可视化系统"(2015-开发-18)资助

摘　　要：利用四川省1981—2013年雾、轻雾、吹雪、雪暴、烟幕、霾、沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘9种视程障碍天气现象资料,对其发生日数、发生概率和分布特征进行统计。结果表明:(1)各天气现象发生日数排序为:轻雾>雾>浮尘>霾>烟幕>扬沙>沙尘暴>吹雪>雪暴。(2)轻雾和雾年发生日数为分别为176d/a和29d/a,日发生概率分别为48%和8%,远高出其他天气现象。(3)季节变化方面,雾和轻雾主要出现在秋季和冬季;霾、吹雪和雪暴集中出现在冬季;浮尘发生春季;扬沙多发生在冬季和春季;而沙尘暴、烟幕主要发生在春季和秋季。(4)变化趋势上轻雾基本保持平稳;烟幕呈增加趋势;而雾、霾、沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘呈下降趋势。(5)大气层结稳定、水汽充足、风速较小、人口集中和排放量较大,易于盆地雾、轻雾、霾和烟幕的形成;不合理利用水和土地资源,北方地区沙尘天气随冷空气南下,是沙尘天气发生的重要原因;而吹雪和雪暴均发生在冬季降雪量大且风速较大的川西高原。Based on the observation data of nine kinds of low-visibility phenomena（mist,fog,snowstorm,blowing snow,smoke,haze,sand storm,blowing sand,and dust）in Sichuan Province from 1981 to 2013,we discuss the number of occurrence days,occurrence probability,and space distribution characteristics.The results show that the number of occurrence days of low-visibility phenomena in Sichuan Province was：mist〉fog〉 haze dust〉smoke〉 blowing sand〉sandstorm 〉blowing snow〉 snowstorm.The numbers of mist and fog days were 176 days and 29 days,and the probability of daily occurrence was 48%and 8%,far higher than other weather phenomena.As for seasonal variation,fog and haze mainly occurred in autumn and winter,and haze,blowing snow,and snowstorm in winter,sand dust in spring,dust storms mainly in winter and spring,and smoke mainly in spring and autumn.The trend of mist in Sichuan remained stable;the smoke was increasing;and the fog,haze,sandstorm,blowing sand and dust were descending.The stable atmosphere,sufficient water vapor,week wind,concentrated population and large emissions were favorable to the formation of fog,mist,basin haze and smoke.Unreasonable use of water and land resources and dust weather in North China along with the southward movement of cold air are the important causes of sand dust weather.Blowing snow and snowstorm occurred in the western Sichuan plateau with larger winter snowfall and higher wind speed.

关 键 词：观测资料 天气现象 视程障碍 

分 类 号：P461.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]