中国农民工问题与研究四十年:从“剩余劳动力”到“城市新移民”  

From “Surplus Labor” to “New Urban Immigrants”:Reflections on the Problems and Research of Migrant Workers for 40 Years

作　　者：孙中伟[1] 刘林平[2] SUN Zhongwei;LIU Linping

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学社会学系、应用社会学研究所,上海200237 [2]南京大学社会学院,南京210023

出　　处：《学术月刊》2018年第11期54-67,共14页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“一带一路背景下东部地区产业转移的经济社会学研究”(17CSH025);国家自然科学基金面上项目“企业工会的收入分配效应及其对技术升级路径的影响研究:微观机制与实证检验(71873048)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：农民工进入学术视野已约四十年，特别是21世纪以来，农民工问题成为中国社会科学领域最重要的学术热点。本文采用知识社会学的方法，回顾和梳理过去四十年农民工问题与研究的演变脉络。在改革开放之初，农民工之所以成为“社会问题”，源于农民工大量出现给城市管理带来前所未有的挑战，让市民和城市管理者感到压力。四十年来，伴随着流动人口和城市化政策的变迁，农民工群体经历了从被视为社会问题的“制造者”到社会发展的“牺牲者”和“城市新移民”的转变；同时，农民工研究也依次经历了“剩余劳动力”视角、“流动人口”视角、“劳工阶级”视角和“城市新移民”视角等四种基本范式的转变。，尽管农民工研究取得了丰富的成果，但随着中国进入“后世界工厂”时代以及城市化步入中后期，未来的农民工问题及其研究如何发展依然值得期待。Migrant workers have entered the academic field for about 40 years. Especially since the 21 st century, the issue of migrant workers has become the most important academic hotspot in the Chinese social sciences. This paper uses the method of knowledge sociology to review the evolution of migrant workers＇ problems and research for 40 years. We argue that migrant workers initially became social problems because of the unprecedented emergence of migrant workers to bring big challenges and the pressure to urban management and citizens. The migrant workers has experienced a transition from being manufacturers of social problem to sacrificers and new urban immigrants in social development. At the same time, migrant workers studies has also experienced the transformation of the four basic paradigms, such as the perspective of surplus labor, floating population, labor class and new urban immigrants. Although migrant workers studies has been rich in the past four decades, it is still worth looking forward to the future development of migrant workers＇ problems and research in the post ＂world factory＂ era and the middle and late stages of urbanization.

关 键 词：农民工 流动人口 城市新移民 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]