环境权实践与理论的新发展  

New Development in practice and Theory of Environment Right

作　　者：蔡守秋[1] CAI Shouqiu

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《学术月刊》2018年第11期89-103,共15页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代中国公众共用物的良法善治研究”(13&ZD179)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：宪法环境权是指公众有享用清洁健康环境的权利，即“一切单位和个人都有享用清洁健康环境的权利”。当代宪法环境权的主流呈发展和扩展态势，环境权入宪正在成为越来越多的国家的自主选择。宪法环境权的实施已经取得重大进展和丰硕成果，那种否定环境权的可实施性和实施效果的观点不符合环境权实施的真实情况。综合80多个国家宪法环境权规范的内容及其实施情况可知，宪法环境权即公众环境权是一种体现环境公共利益的基本人权；是在环境保护时代兴起的一种具有非排他性、公众共同享用性的权利类型；是体现环境保护价值观和生态文明理念、不同于传统的或既有的权利的一组新型权利。Environment right in constitution refers to the public right of enjoying clean and healthy environment, i.e., ＂all units and individuals have the right of enjoying clean and healthy environment＂. The main current in the right of environment in contemporary constitution is developing and enlarging, and more and more countries choose to write this right into their constitutions. The enforcement of constitutional environment right has won vital progress and abundant results, while the viewpoint of denying the possibility of enforcement and its effect is not conforming with the real situation. The content of environment right regulations in more than 80 countries and its enforcement situation shows that it is a kind of basic human right to have public interest in environment. It is a type of right of common one developed in the time of environmental protection, which embodies a cluster of rights for an idea of the value of environmental protection and environmental civilization in differing from traditional.

关 键 词：宪法环境权 公众环境权 环境权入宪 环境权的实施 环境权的性质 环境权的特点 

分 类 号：D912[政治法律—法学]