国际投资仲裁中法人“住所”的确定和管辖权问题  

The Determination of a Corporation's Seat and Jurisdiction in International Investment Arbitration

作　　者：范璐晶 FAN Lu-jing

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2018年第6期67-77,共11页International Business Research

基　　金：2016年司法部科研项目"ISDS机制的发展趋势与中国研究"(项目编号:16SFB2049);2015年教育部人文社科重点研究基地项目"国际投资法领域的人权问题研究"(项目编号:15JJD82022)

摘　　要：国际投资仲裁中投资者为自然人和法人。法人投资者国籍的确定主要依据"成立地"、"住所地"和"控制"几种标准,国籍的认定会影响法人是否能够获得国际投资条约的保护以及仲裁庭对案件是否有管辖权。国际投资仲裁实践对法人成立地的标准通常无争议,而"住所"的确定并没有统一的标准,主要有注册地和实际联系地两种标准。在国际投资实践中,作为投资者的公司可能会通过结构安排选择能够使其利益最大化的住所,这可能导致条约滥用,增加东道国被滥诉的风险,也增加了投资者住所确定的难度。因此,国际投资仲裁中投资者"住所"需要合理界定,既保护投资者的利益,又不使东道国承担过重的条约义务;且符合《ICSID公约》尽可能保护国际投资的目的。Investors in international investment arbitration are natural persons and legal persons. The determination of nationalities of the legal persons is mainly based on the criteria of place of incorporation, seat and control. The determination of nationality will affect not only whether the legal persons can obtain the protection of the international investment treaties, but also whether the tribunals have jurisdiction over the cases. The practice of international investment arbitration is usually consistent in the standards of legal persons＇ incorporation. However, there are no uniform standards for the determination of seats, which mainly has two kinds of standards： registered office and real or effective seat. In international investment practice, a company that invests as a foreign investor may choose a seat that maximizes its benefits through structural arrangements, which may lead to the abuse of relative treaties and in turn cause the host country to face the risk of being accused, and this increases the difficulty of determining the seats of corporations as well. Therefore, the seats of corporations in international investment arbitration need to be reasonably defined, balancing the interests of investors and host states, so ICSID Convention could protect international investment to a broader extent.

关 键 词：法人住所 法人国籍 管辖权 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]