日本对戊戌变法的认知、态度与战略  

The Japanese Cognition, Attitudes and Strategic Choice on the Chinese Reform Movement in 1898

作　　者：王美平 Wang Meiping

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第6期114-121,共8页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(15FSS006)

摘　　要：日本对于戊戌变法起初鉴于中国改革符合本国利益而多持欢迎、赞同之意,但随着清廷高层人事异动的频发而推测中国政局将变,出现否定戊戌变法前途的论调,其态度亦衍生出冷淡与批判。戊戌政变后,日本政府基于新旧、帝后、满汉、英俄之争的性质分析采取了救援维新派的政策,而后又基于维新派地位低下、经验欠乏、举措急进等败因解析,认识到急进路线不仅无法推动中国改革以从中牟利,甚至会引起列强干涉从而影响本国安全而转向支持地方督抚的渐进改革。戊戌变法的失败进一步促使日本放弃亚洲主义路线,坚定了"脱亚入欧"瓜分中国的战略,助推了日英同盟的形成。The Japanese welcomed and agreed with the Reform Movement of 1898, given that it was in the interest of Japan. However, with frequent changes in senior personnel in the Qing court, it was speculated that the political situa- tion in China would change. Argumentation appeared denying the future of the reform movement of 1898, and then its at- titude became critical after the coup of 1898 in China. After analyzing the nature of the struggle between the old and new, the Emperor and Empress, the Manchus and Chinese, the British and Russians, the Okuma cabinet adopted the poli- cy of rescuing the reformers. Consequently, as the reformers were in low status and lacking of experience and took radi- cal measures, the Okuma cabinet realized that a radical line of change could not only promote China＇s modernization but could even lead to the further interference by western powers, which would affect Japan＇ s own security. Therefore, it tended to help local governors carry out gradual reforms. The failure of the Reform Movement of China in 1898 caused Japan to abandon the ＂illusion＂ of alliance with China and return to the strategy of Europeanization and dividing China together with western powers, which boosted the formation of the Japan-UK alliance.

关 键 词：日本 戊戌变法 脱亚入欧 亚洲主义 日英同盟 

分 类 号：K256.5[历史地理—历史学]