小浪底水库运用以来库区泥沙淤积分析  

Deposition in Xiaolangdi Reservoir Since Operation

作　　者：王婷[1] 王远见[1] 曲少军[1] 任智慧[1] 马为民 WANG Ting;WANG Yuanjian;QU Shaojun;REN Zhihui;MA Weimin(Key Laboratory of Yellow River Sediment Research of MWR,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Zhumadian Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau,Zhumadian 463000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]驻马店水文水资源勘测局,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2018年第12期1-3,20,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407401-01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51509100;51509102;51509103);黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2016-10;HKY-JBYW-2017-1)

摘　　要：为了提高小浪底水库排沙效果,延长水库拦沙寿命,对水库运用以来库区的淤积情况进行了分析。结果表明:(1)小浪底库区干流仍为三角洲淤积形态,三角洲顶点距坝16.39 km,高程为222.59 m。远离大坝的支流沟口淤积面均高于支流内部,支流畛水出现明显的拦门沙坎,高度为9.9 m。(2)汛期库区年均淤积2.117亿t,占总淤积量的92%。高程235 m以下淤积泥沙33.983亿m3,是淤积的主体。大坝—HH20、HH20—HH38库段是淤积的主要库段,分别淤积19.972亿m3、11.101亿m3,占总淤积量的61%、34%。干流淤积量为26.136亿m3,占总淤积量的80%。(3)淤积物中,细沙、中沙、粗沙分别占总量的39.7%、28.9%、31.4%。中细泥沙,尤其是不会造成下游大量淤积的细沙淤积在水库中,减少了拦沙库容,降低了水库的拦沙效益,缩短了水库的拦沙寿命。In order to increase the sediment discharge effect of Xiaolangdi Reservoir and delay its sediment retention life, the deposition inXiaolangdi Reservoir since operation was analyzed. The results show that a） the deposition morphology of main stream is still delta pattern,the top of the delta is 16.39 km away from the dam and the elevation is 222.59 m. The deposition surface of tributary mouth far from dam ishigher than that of tributary inside, and the heights of sand bar in tributary Zhenshui is 9.9 m; b） the annual average sedimentation volumein flood season is 0.2117 billion t, accounting for 92% of the total. The sedimentation below elevation 235 m is 3.3983 billion m^3, which isthe main body of sedimentation. The sediment volume in Dam-HH20 and HH20-HH38 are 1.9972 billion m^3and 1.1101 billion m^3 respec-tively, accounting for 61% and 34% of the total. The sediment volume of the main stream is 2.6136 billionm^3, accounting for 80% of the to-tal and; c） fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand account for 39.7%, 28.9% and 31.4% of the total respectively. Medium and fine sedi-ment, especially fine sediment which will not cause large amount sedimentation in downstream reach, is retained in the reservoir, which re-duces the sediment storage capacity and sediment retention efficiency, and shortens the service life of the sediment retention.

关 键 词：淤积形态 淤积分布 泥沙 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV856[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1