环状寡聚核苷酸的研究进展  

Research progress of circular oligonucleotides

作　　者：经男男 王静 汤新景[1] Nannan Jing;Jing Wang;Xinjing Tang(State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学药学院天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2018年第11期1293-1306,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：重大新药创制科技重大专项(编号:2017ZX09303013);国家自然科学基金(编号:21672015;21708001)资助项目

摘　　要：环状结构的核酸因其首尾相连的特殊结构,可提高其对核酸外切酶的稳定性,并且其环状结构可使其具有特殊的功能.早期由于检测技术的限制,研究者对环状核酸的研究相对较少.近年来,随着科学技术的进步,研究者发现生物体内存在各种环状核酸,并具有独特的生理调节功能.对于较小的环状寡聚核苷酸(几十个碱基)在生命体中是否存在以及其可能的功能仍未知晓.本文综述了环状核酸(特别是较小环的寡聚核苷酸)主要的两类合成法(酶合成法和化学合成法),并比较了它们各自的优缺点.同时阐述了各种环状功能核酸的结构特性以及它们对特定生物活性和基因功能的特异性调控,为阐明环状核酸在生物体内的产生及其作用机制的化学生物学研究提供了新的研究工具.Circular nucleic acids with cyclic structure can greatly improve their stability towards exonucleases, which may endow special functions due to their cyclic structure. Limited by detection technology and instruments in early stage, researchers have relatively few studies on circular nucleic acids. In recent years, various kinds of circular nucleic acids have been discovered with the progress of science and technology and shown many unique physiological regulation functions in living organisms. However, it is still not clear whether the smaller ring oligonucleotides （dozens of bases） exist in life and have the potential functions. Here, we summary the two main kinds of synthesis methods （enzyme synthesis and chemical synthesis） of circular nucleic acid （especially smaller ring oligonucleotides）, and compare their advantages and disadvantages. We also review the structural characteristics of various circular functional oligonucleotides and their effects on specific biological activities, especially the regulation ofgene functions, which may provide a new tool to explore the chemical biology of circular nucleic acids in biological systems.

关 键 词：环核酸 反义核酸 小干扰RNA 适配体 基因沉默 

分 类 号：Q524[生物学—生物化学]