“绿色超级稻”助力亚非国家农业生产的可持续发展  

“Green Super Rice”achieving sustainable development of agricultural production in Asian and African countries

作　　者：王文生[1] 高用明[1] 徐建龙[1] 黎志康[1] WANG Wen-Sheng;GAO Yong-Ming;LI Zhi-Kang;XU Jian-Long(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生命科学》2018年第10期1090-1099,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)(2014AA10A601);比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会(OPPGD51587,1393,1130530)

摘　　要：水稻是亚洲人民的主要粮食作物,也逐渐成为非洲人民增长最快的食物来源。随着人口增长、土地减少以及资源环境的不断恶化,如何进一步保障稻米生产能力的可持续增长是我们面临的最大挑战。为了应对该挑战,中国科学家提出了"绿色超级稻"的概念。在中国政府和比尔及梅琳达?盖茨基金会的支持下,2008年启动了"为非洲和亚洲资源贫瘠地区培育绿色超级稻"的重大国际合作项目,项目执行10年来,绿色超级稻品种在亚非目标国家的适应性试验与示范推广成效显著,产生了良好的社会经济效益。现对绿色超级稻项目实施的改良回交育种技术、绿色超级稻在亚洲和非洲目标国家的品种试验、审定和推广情况及产生的社会经济效益等进行概述,并指出目前存在的问题及其对策。Rice is the main food crop for the Asian people and has been gradually becoming the fastest growing food source for the African people. But as populations grow, land shrinks, and the environment deteriorates, how to further increase rice productivity while ensuring the sustainability of this production activity is our biggest challenge. In response to this challenge, Chinese scientists have proposed the concept of ＂Green Super Rice（GSR）＂. With the support of the Chinese government and the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, in 2008, a major international cooperation project ＂The Green Super Rice for The Resource Poor of Asia and Africa＂ was launched. The adaptability test, demonstration and dissemination of GSR varieties have achieved remarkable results and produced significant social and economic benefits in the target countries in Asia and Africa. This article provides an overview of the improved backcross-breeding technology, and testing, registration and extension of GSR as well as the resultant socio-economic benefits of this project in the Asian and African target countries. In the end, problems of GSR extension and its resolving strategy are also discussed.

关 键 词：绿色超级稻 可持续发展 回交育种 粮食安全 

分 类 号：Q33[生物学—遗传学] S511[农业科学—作物学]