类阿基米德原理下方形墩柱绕流阻力与尾涡区之间的关系试验研究  

A close analogy with archimedes' principle: Understanding the relationship between flow resistance and tail vortex zone of square pier through experiments

作　　者：邓斌[1,2] 蒋昌波 刘洋[3] 杨树清 DENG Bin;JIANG ChangBo;LIU Yang;YANG ShuQing(School of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science ＆ Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China;Hydraulic Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,China;School of Civil,Mining and Environmental Engineering,University of Wollongong,Wollongong 2522,Australia)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]江苏省水利科学研究院,南京210017 [4]School of Civil and Environment Engineering,University of Wollongong,Wollongong 2522,Australia

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2018年第11期1167-1178,共12页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:51239001,51509023);湖南省自然科学基金(编号:2018JJ3535)资助项目

摘　　要：墩柱所受绕流阻力一直以来是流体力学所关注的焦点问题,具有重要的意义.方形作为墩柱结构的一种重要截面形式,在实际工程中得到广泛应用.本文类比阿基米德原理对方形墩柱所受绕流阻力进行分析,旨在探究方形墩柱绕流阻力形成机理及其与尾涡区之间的关系.试验基于压力传感器和粒子图像测速技术(PIV)分别对方形墩柱所受压强与周围水流结构进行测量,并对不同雷诺数下(2500≤Re≤20000)方形墩柱附近水流特性、绕流阻力与尾涡区之间的关系进行详细分析.根据实测数据,对墩后尾涡区时均相对体积、无量纲时均绕流阻力和无量纲化新型绕流阻力公式时均关系系数随Re的变化进行公式拟合,相关性均较好,并发现三者分别与Re之间存在较好的二次函数关系;对绕流阻力随尾涡区体积变化分别进行线性和二次函数拟合,发现吻合度均较好,在现实较大水流条件下,推荐采用线性拟合公式.The flow resistance on the pier has always been treated as a focus issue in fluid mechanics with great significance of application. Square, as an important cross-section form of pillar structure, has been applied widely in practice. To investigate the relationship of the formation mechanism of flow resistance on square pier and the trailing vortex zone of the pillar, in this study, the flow resistance of the square pier and the surrounding flow are firstly measured by pressure sensor and particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Then, by analogy with the principle of Archimedes, the relationship between the characteristics of flow, the flow resistance and the trailing vortex zone of the square pier is analyzed in detail under different Reynolds numbers （2500≤Re≤20000）. According to the experiments, the fitting relation between the time averaged relative volume of the tail vortex zone, the time averaged dimensionless flow resistance and the new time averaged dimensionless coefficient of flow resistance formula with varied Re has been found. It shows a good correlation with all of them and each one related well to Re by a quadratic relation. Both Linear and quadratic fitting of the flow resistance with the volume of trailing vortex zone fits relatively well. The linear fitting formula is recommended in practice of relative large flow.

关 键 词：方形墩柱 水流特性 绕流阻力 尾涡区 粒子图像测速技术 

分 类 号：TV131.3[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]