SBR系统在低浓度污水条件下培养的好氧颗粒污泥特性及微生物分析  

Characteristics and microorganism analysis of aerobic granular sludge cultivated by SBR systems with low-strength sewage

作　　者：王启镔 苑泉 宫徽 姚仁达 秦亚 刘祥 徐恒 王凯军 WANG Qibin;YUAN Quan;GONG Hui;YAO Renda;QIN Ya;LIU Xiang;XU Heng;WANG Kaijun(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Richina Leather Industrial Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 201900,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084 [2]富国皮革工业股份有限公司,上海201900

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2018年第11期3043-3052,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07103-003)

摘　　要：分别采用两段式装置(升流式水解酸化池+SBR(R1))和一段式SBR(R2及R3)小试装置,处理实际污水(R1及R2)及人工配水(R3),考察了不同水源对好氧颗粒污泥的粒径分布、沉降性能以及微生物群落的影响。结果显示,大多数颗粒的粒径均集中在0.12～0.3 mm之间,在R1、R2及R3中的占比分别为32.78%、38.61%和50.28%。当粒径介于0.3～0.5 mm、大于0.5 mm时,R1与R2中的颗粒分配均显著高于R3中的颗粒分配。结果表明,低浓度人工配水(COD均值480 mg·L^(-1))易形成中等粒径的颗粒,而低浓度实际污水(COD均值173 mg·L^(-1))更易形成较大的颗粒。当体积交换比从90%降为50%,R1和R3的SVI30/SVI5维持在0.85以上,R2的SVI30/SVI5出现下降的趋势,这可能是进水中较高的悬浮颗粒引起的污泥轻微膨胀所致。3个主反应器取污泥(分别记S1、S2及S3)进行高通量分析,氨氧化菌Nitrosomonas、氨氧化古菌Nitrososphaera、反硝化聚磷菌Dechloromonas等脱氮除磷优势菌属在S1、S2中的相对比例明显高于在S3中的相对比例。丝状菌方面,在有机负荷率(OLR)较低条件(0.91 kg·(m^3·d)^(-1))下,有利于Aquaspirillum、Enhydrobacter的生长,而较高的OLR(>0.91 kg·(m^3·d)^(-1))有利于Acinetobacter的生长。污水中多种类的有机物,不仅有利于形成致密的胞外聚合物,而且可提高脱氮除磷优势菌属在颗粒污泥中的相对比例。The effects of different influent wastewater type on particle size distribution, sedimentation performance and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge were investigated by a two-stage system（hydrolysis up-flow sludge bed＋SBR, R1） and one-stage systems（R2 and R3）, treating real sewage（R1 and R2） and synthetic wastewater（R3）. The results showed that the particle size of granules was mainly between 0.12 mm and 0.3 mm, accounting for 32.78%, 38.61% and 50.28% in R1, R2 and R3, respectively. As the particle size are between 0.3 mm and0.5 mm and greater than 0.5 mm, the particle distributions in R1 and R2 were significantly higher than those in R3. Results indicated that the medium size particles were easy to be formed in the synthetic wastewater with low influent concentration（COD of 480 mg·L（-1） on average）, while larger particles preferred to be formed in real and low-strength wastewater（COD of 173 mg·L（-1） on average）. When the volume exchange ratio decreased from 90%to 50%, the SVI30/SVI5 of R1 and R3 remained above 0.85, and the SVI30/SVI5 of R2 decreased, which may be caused by slight sludge bulking because of high suspended particles in the influent. Sludge samples（S1, S2 and S3）collected from three main reactors were used for high throughput analysis. The relative proportion of the dominant bacteria for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in S1 and S2, such as ammonia oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas,ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrososphaera, denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms Dechloromonas and so on, was significantly higher than that in S3. In the field of filamentous bacteria, the low organic loading rate（OLR, 0.91 kg·（m3·d）（-1）） was beneficial to the growth of Aquaspirillum and Enhydrobacter, while higher OLR（more than 0.91 kg·（m3·d）（-1）） was helpful to the growth of Acinetobacter. Many kinds of influent organic compounds not only contributed to form compact extracellular polymers, but also could increase the relative proportio

关 键 词：低浓度污水 好氧颗粒污泥 污泥颗粒化 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]