丁日昌的治台政绩——兼论光绪初年闽抚“冬春驻台”之例  

Ding Richang’s Administration Achievements in Taiwan-Also Discussing the Case of Fujian Governor’s Station in Taiwan in Each Winter and Spring during the Early Years of Emperor Guang Xu

作　　者：李祖基[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究院

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2013年第1期179-200,共22页Taiwan History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(批准号:12JJD810002);国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:11BZS088)阶段性成果

摘　　要：同治末年日兵侵台的＂牡丹社＂事件对清廷震动极大。事后进行了海防问题的大讨论,在加强海防建设方面达成了共识,治台政策也由原来的消极转向积极。光绪元年规定福建巡抚＂冬春驻台,秋夏驻省,两地兼顾＂。丁日昌是实行此一规定之后的首任福建巡抚,在其两年多的闽抚任上,对台湾的海防建设和经济开发做出全面的规划,提出兴办铁路、矿务,设立电报线等主张;继续开山抚＂番＂,移民实边,开垦台湾后山;大力整顿吏治营务,裁革陋规,豁除杂饷,纾解民困,取得令人瞩目的政绩。闽抚＂冬春驻台＂的目的是要加强海防建设,但由于此一制度本身的缺陷以及清廷未能在经费上给予必要的支持,故闽抚驻台未能发挥出预期的作用,这一规定也于光绪四年六月取消,恢复了由督、抚隔年轮赴台湾巡查的旧制。在强邻日本正磨刀霍霍,全力扩军备战之时,清政府却仍然因循守旧、苟且偷安。中国失去了在近代历史上最后一次振作自强的机会。Japanese invasion of Taiwan(The Mutan Village Incident) at the end of Tong Zhi period greatly- shocked the Q ing court.After that,the Q ing officials extensively discussed coast defense problem and reached agreement to strengthen coastal defense,and the Qing government’s policy of administrating Taiwan also turned to be more positive.It was regulated in the first year of Guang Xu that Fujina governor stationed in Taiwan in winter and spring and in Fujian in autunm and summer,simultaneously handling affairs in the two areas.Ding Richang was the first Fujian governor after the regulation was set.During more than two years of his office,Ding Richang made comprehensive plans to Taiwan’s coast defense and economic development.He proposed to build railways,mines,telegraph,etc.He continued to enlarge territory and conciliate "barbarians",to relocating refugees to strengthen the frontier,and to cultivate back mountains in Taiwan.He made great efforts to act against corrupt officials and consolidate the army,to abolish outdated conventions and bad customs,to abolish exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous levies to relieve people’s hardships,gaining remarkable political achievements.The aim for Fujian governor to station in Taiwan in winter and spring was to strengthen coast defense construction,but because of the defects of this system,and also because the Qing court did not give necessary financial support,Fujian governor’s station in Taiwan did not play the role of expectations,and the regulation was cancelled in the sixth month of forth year of Guang Xu’s reign,and the old system for goveruorgeneral and governor taking turns to inspect Taiwan for every two years was recovered.While the strong neighbor Japan was sharpening her knives and making every- efforts to expanding arms and preparing war,the Qing government was still cling conservatively to the old systems and content with temporary ease and comfort.China lost last opportunity- for solf-strengthening in modern times.

关 键 词：福建巡抚 丁日昌 台湾地区 近代化 晚清 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]