死生有命与病不服药——明代墓志中的老年人却药书写  

The Old People's Concept of Death in Ming Dynasty Reflected in the Epitaphs

作　　者：张雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300071

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2018年第11期67-72,共6页History Teaching

摘　　要：得病之后,求医问药是常识,明代以墓志铭为主的传记资料中却出现了大量关于老年人生病后拒绝医药的记载。关于老年人却药的原因主要有以下三类:一些老年人秉持着死生有命的命定观,认为医药无法与天意抗衡;还有一些人则认为医不治老,医药在延长寿命上是无用的;同时明代医者龙蛇混杂、医术良莠不齐以及庸医杀人的案例,也让老年人对医药充满着不信任。墓志铭中对老年人却药的记载连篇累牍,实质是在传达这些老年人达观的死生态度,一些老人的确对死亡泰然处之,有些也可能是出于后人以及传记作者的刻意塑造,而这则是由老年人在中国传统文化中的特殊性决定的。Generally, we should go to see the doctors after getting sick, but a lot of elderly people in the Ming epitaphs refused to do this, in part of because he （she） who held the view that life and death are doomed; some people think that medicine does not treat the old, and it is useless to prolong life; at the same time, the medical skills of the doctors in Ming Dynasty are uneven, which makes the elderly distrust on them. The records of treatment refusal on epitaphs are enormous, which is to convey these old people＇ s optimistic attitude of life and death, but it may also be the epitaph authors deliberately created.

关 键 词：明代 老年人 却药 墓志铭 历史书写 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]