民法典编纂中业主大会的法律属性与财产责任  

The Legal Status and Property Liability of Owners’ Assembly in the Compilation of Civil Code

作　　者：于凤瑞[1] YU Feng-rui

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学土地法制研究院

出　　处：《北方法学》2018年第6期44-53,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“城市治理中的地役权适用研究”(17YJC820062)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：业主委员会如何履行给付判决是我国司法实践中的待解难题，其问题核心在于业主大会民事主体地位的确定。业主大会为适合于享有权利负担义务之社会存在，破解当前小区治理困境需要通过确立业主大会的法律主体地位并明确其内部治理结构，以提高社区能力。在《民法总则》确立的主体制度框架下，业主大会作为民事主体应属于非法人组织而具有一定的权利能力。在业主大会主体性质得以明确之后，不宜再并列规定业主委员会的主体地位。基于对业主大会团体性、业主自治实践与区分所有权法制发展趋势的综合考量，非法人组织属性的业主大会，在其财产不足清偿债务时，应由业主按专有权比例承担按份责任。业主委员会责任的承担需要从归责规则、免责机制、业主求偿权层面予以确定。The way how the owners＇ committee implement payment decision is a difficult problem in China＇s judicial practice, the core lies in the determination of the civil subject status of the owners＇ assem- bly. The owners＇ assembly is a social existence suited to enjoy rights and bear obligations. To solve the tri- ple predicaments of ＂repeated game failure＂, ＂anti -commons ＂, and ＂high organization cost＂ in current community governance, it＇s necessary to establish the legal subject status of the owners＇ assembly and clarify its internal governance structure to improve community capabilities. Under the framework of the subject sys- tem established by the General Principles of Civil Law, owners＇ assembly without legal person qualification should be defined as unincorporated organization with certain right capacity. The legal status of owners＇ committee should not be provided in parallel, for it＇s the executive body of owners＇ assembly. The liability assuming of unincorporated owners＇ assembly should be comprehensively determined according to the legal structure of partitioned ownership, owners＇ autonomy practice, interests evaluation. If the claim exceeds owners＇ assembly＇s property, owners should pay off the shortfalls according to the proportion of exclusive right. The commitment of the owners＇ committee＇s responsibilities needs to be determined from the liability rules, the exemption mechanism and the owner＇s right to claim.

关 键 词：业主大会 非法人组织 财产责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]