中产阶级与威权体制转型——基于普京时代俄罗斯中产阶级的解析  

The Middle Class and Transition of Authoritarian System: Analysis of Russian Middle Class in the Putin Era

作　　者：林莹 

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际关系学系

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2018年第5期43-76,共34页Russian Studies

摘　　要：自第三波民主化浪潮以来,中产阶级与威权体制转型的关系,在学术界一直存在争议。有的学者认为中产阶级是威权转型的主要推动力量;也有学者认为中产阶级是既得利益者,是社会稳定器,将阻碍转型的发生。就俄罗斯而言,一方面,俄罗斯中产阶级内部异质化,公共部门的中产阶级严重依赖威权体制,是阻碍转型的力量;另一方面,俄罗斯私人部门的中产阶级不满现有的经济政治地位,是转型的推动力量。两者的分裂导致俄罗斯中产阶级无法以独立、整体的身份发出政治诉求。随着政治环境的变化,如何处理与中产阶级的关系,特别是私人部门的中产阶级,平息由其充当主力的抗议活动,将成为俄罗斯政府的一大挑战。Since the third wave of democratization, the relationship between the middle class and authoritarian regime has been controversial. Some scholars believe that the middle class is the backbone for the authoritarian transition, and others believe that the middle class is the stabilizer of the society, which will hinder the transition. This article takes the middle class who has grown up in the Putin era as a main research object, and elaborates the ambivalence of the middle class against the Putin regime from the perspectives of its internal structure, values, political attitudes and social protests. The conclusion is that the middle class exists internal heterogeneity. The one in the public sector relies heavily on the authoritarian and the others in the private sector does not satisfy the existing economic and political status. The split has left Russia＇s middle class unable to make political appeals as an independent and integrated whole. As a result, how to deal with the relationship between the middle class and quelling the protests will become a challenge for the Putin regime.

关 键 词：俄罗斯中产阶级 俄罗斯社会 俄罗斯社会转型 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]