广州市大气PM_(2.5)中常见离子浓度特征及影响因素分析  

Characteristics of Common Ions in Atmospheric Fine Particles in Guangzhou and Their Influential Factors

作　　者：郑敬严 郭凌川 钟志雄[2] 余胜兵[2] 李敏[2] 曾韦霖[1] 李杏[1] 刘涛[1] 马文军[1] ZHENG Jingyan1;GUO Lingchuan1;ZHONG Zhixiong2;YU Shengbing2;LI Min2;ZENG Weilin1;LI Xing1;LIU Tao1;MA Wenjun1

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2018年第5期386-392,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2016221和A2016250);广州市科技计划(201707010476)

摘　　要：目的评估广州PM_(2.5)中无机水溶性离子浓度特征及影响因素。方法于2015—2016年在广州市采集逐日PM_(2.5)样品,经过浸水超声提取,采用离子色谱法测定其中水溶性无机离子(Cl^-、NO^-_3、SO【math12z】、NH^+_4)浓度。用多元线性回归分析温度、湿度、降雨量、24 h气流来源等因素对逐日浓度的影响。用浓度均值和时间序列中的季节特征分析无机离子随时间变化的趋势。结果 Cl^-、NO^-_3、SO【math13z】、NH^+_4的浓度均值分别为0.99、5.75、9.19、4.61μg/m^3;PM_(2.5)及无机水溶性离子主要来自工业排放。降雨量是影响NO^-_3、SO【math14z】、NH^+_4逐日浓度的最重要因素,"休息日"是影响Cl^-逐日浓度的最重要因素。无机离子浓度随时间变化呈旱季高、雨季低的趋势,但不同离子浓度的时间变化趋势略有不同。结论以降雨量为主的各种影响因素随时间变化,导致旱季无机离子浓度较高,应根据季节特点制订防控措施。Objectives To evaluate the characteristics of water soluble inorganic ion in atmospheric PM2.5 and their influential factors. Methods Daily PM2.5 samples were collected in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2016. The level of water soluble inorganic ion（Cl-, NO-3, SO【math15 z】 and NH＋4） in PM2.5 were examined with ultrasonic extraction and ion chromatography. The association between the level of daily common ion and their influential factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and the source of airstream within 24 h, was analyzed by a multiple linear regression method. Seasonal characteristics of common ions based on the average level and time series were analyzed. Results The average level of PM2.5 was 63.3 μg/m3, and the average level of Cl-, NO-3, SO【math16 z】 and NH＋4 were 0.99, 5.75, 9.19 and 4.61 μg/m3, respectively. The common ions in air were derived mainly from industrial emission. The washout effect of rainfall was the most important factor for the daily level of NO-3, SO【math17 z】 and NH＋4, while the ＂weekends＂ was the most important factor for daily Cl-level. The levels of common ions were higher in dry seasons and they were lower in wet seasons; different ions had their own characteristics. Conclusions Based on the seasonal variations of precipitation and other factors, common ion levels were high in dry seasons; and long-term control measures should be planned to obtain better air quality.

关 键 词：PM2.5 常见离子 影响因素 季节变化 时间序列 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]