2008年-2016年广州市农村饮用水微生物监测结果分析  

Microbial contamination of drinking water in rural areas of Guangzhou during 2008-2016

作　　者：孙丽丽[1] 钟嶷[1] 黎晓彤[1] 王德东[1] SUN Li-li;ZHONG Yi;LI Xiao-tong;WANG De-dong(Guangzhou Center for Disease nontrol and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510500,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2018年第22期2773-2775,2778,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

基　　金：广州市卫生计生科技项目(20181A010047)

摘　　要：目的 掌握广州市农村生活饮用水水质卫生状况和变化趋势,为农村地区的改水提供科学依据。方法 按2008年-2016年《广东省饮用水卫生监测工作方案》要求,对集中式供水监测点分别采集出厂水和末梢水,分散式供水点仅采集末梢水,监测项目为总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和菌落总数。按照最新国家标准进行水质检测和评价。结果 2008年-2016年共检测水样2 286份,微生物总合格率为69. 3%。以地下水作水源的出厂水微生物总合格率及各指标单项合格率均高于末梢水,但在以地表水作水源时无此发现。出厂水中,地下水总大肠菌群与耐热大肠菌群的合格率均高于地表水;末梢水水样中,地表水的微生物总合格率以及各项指标的合格率均高于地下水。结论 广州市农村地区饮用水微生物污染问题仍不容忽视,且地表水的粪便污染情况较地下水更重,应进一步加大农村地区水质净化消毒措施的实施力度,以及加强人畜粪便管理,防止饮用水污染。Objective To assess the present quality and the dynamic variation of the microbial contamination of drinking water in rural areas of Guangzhou, so as to provide recommendations for reconstructing water supply. Methods Data were obtained from the Surveillance Programme of Drinking Water in Guangdong on total coliform, fecal coliform, and colony count. Detection and evaluation of water samples were performed in accordance with the recent standards of China. Results 2 286 samples were detected during 2008 -2016, 69.3% samples met the national standard. With groundwater as the water source, the total qualified rates of microbe and each individual index in factory water were higher than that of the tape water, but this is not found when surface water was used as the water source. In terms of factory water, the qualified rates of total coliforms and heat - resistant coliforms in groundwater were higher than that of surface water; in terms of terminal water, the total qualified rates of microbe and each index in surface water were higher than that of groundwater. Conclusion The situation of microbial contami- nation of drinking water in rural areas of Guangzhou remained negative. Faecal contamination of surface water was higher than groundwater. It was necessary to improve efforts in management of excrement, purification and disinfection of drinking water and preventing drinking water from being polluted in rural areas of Guangzhou.

关 键 词：饮用水 微生物 农村 监测 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]