非线性绝缘电介质介电特性表征与测试  

Characterization and Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Nonlinear Insulating Dielectrics

作　　者：李忠华[1] Li Zhonghua(Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and its Application Technology,Ministry of Education Harbin University of Technology Harbin 150080 China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学工程电介质及其应用技术教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《电气工程学报》2018年第11期11-20,共10页Journal of Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB239504)

摘　　要：非线性是导致问题复杂化的关键因素之一，且存在于几乎所有物理现象之中。电气绝缘介质的非线性介电行为在科学层面提供了更广泛的研究空间，同时在工程技术层面为电气绝缘结构设计、更高电压等级电力设备研发提供了新的破解瓶颈问题的技术途径。具有电场调控功能的非线性绝缘材料，被称为“智能绝缘材料”，已在大型电机端部绝缘和电缆附件防电晕结构得到广泛的应用。随着高压直流绝缘技术的进步，电气绝缘材料和绝缘结构非线性介电特性和机理研究得到越来越广泛的关注。非线性绝缘介质介电特性的表征和测试技术是极具挑战的研究课题，又是基础研究和工程应用技术研究不可回避的关键性基础问题。稳态直流电场下，非线性绝缘介电特性用伏安特性或电导率与电场强度关系来表征，相应测试技术比较简单。稳态交流电场场下，用等效（相对）介电常数和等效电导率与电场强度关系来表征，测试技术的关键是如何准确地分解阻性和容性电流。暂态电场下非线性绝缘介电特性的表征参数体系尚未建立，测试技术最为复杂，相关研究亟待开展。Nonlinearity is one of the key factors leading to the complexity of the problem, and exists in almost all physical phenomena. The nonlinear dielectric behavior of electrical insulating dielectric provides a more extensive research space on the scientific, and it provides the new way to solve the bottleneck problem in the R ＆ D of higher voltage class power equipment. The nonlinear insulating material with the function of electric field regulation is called ＂smart insulating materials＂, and has been widely used in the corona protection structures in large motor and cable accessories. With the development of HVDC insulation technology, more and more attentions have been paid to the study on nonlinear dielectric properties and mechanism of electrical insulating materials and insulation structures. The characterization and measurement of dielectric properties of nonlinear insulating dielectrics is an extremely challenging research topic, and it is also the inescapable key fundamental problem. In the steady-state DC field, the dielectric characteristics of nonlinear insulating dielecrics is characterized by volt-ampere characteristics or the relationship between electrical conductivity and electric field strength, and the corresponding measurement technique is relatively simple. In the steady-state AC field, the dielectric characteristics of nonlinear insulating dielecrics are characterized using the relationships of the equivalent （relative） dielectric constant and the equivalent conductivity with the electric field, and the key technique of measurement is how to decompose accurately the resistive current and the capacitive current. The parameters system for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of nonlinear insulating dielectrics under transient electric field has not been established, and the measurement technology is the most complex, so the related research needs to be carried out urgently.

关 键 词：非线性绝缘电介质 介电特性 表征参数 暂态介电特性 测试技术 

分 类 号：TM215[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]