非期望产出约束下环境规制对环境绩效的异质性效应研究  

Heterogeneous effects of different types of environmental regulations on environmental performance under the constraint of undesired output

作　　者：邱士雷 王子龙[1] 刘帅 董会忠[3] QIU Shi-lei;WANG Zi-long;LIU Shuai;DONG Hui-zhong(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing Jiangsu 211106,China;School of Economies,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo Shandong 255000,China;Business School,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo Shandong 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京211106 [2]山东理工大学经济学院,山东淄博255000 [3]山东理工大学管理学院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2018年第12期40-51,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"效率视角下军民融合协同创新实现机制研究"(批准号:18AGL028);国家自然科学基金项目"风电技术装备协同创新的实现机制与政策设计研究"(批准号:71373005);江苏省社会科学基金系列专项"新时代军民融合协同创新战略研究"(批准号:17ZTB005);江苏省高校社会科学重点项目"经济新常态下区域环境治理的政策设计研究"(批准号:2016ZDIXM006)

摘　　要：环境问题是实现可持续发展的重大战略问题。能源消费所引致的环境绩效恶化问题已成为能源环境领域的一个重要议题。针对已有研究基于非期望产出角度探讨环境规制对环境绩效异质性效应的不足,本文利用SBM-DDF-SML测度了中国30个省份2004—2015年的环境效率与环境全要素生产率,并进行来源和成分分解。利用面板门槛模型深入研究环境规制工具对环境绩效影响的异质性效应。研究结果表明:(1)中国各省份环境效率普遍较低,且区域间差异显著;污染物过度排放和能源过度利用是导致环境无效率的主要原因。(2)尽管环境全要素生产率持续增长,但并未实现绿色可持续增长,西部地区尤为显著;技术进步是推动生产率增长的主要来源。(3)就环境规制的作用效果来看,环境规制与环境绩效存在非线性关系,不同类型的环境规制和规制强度的高低对环境绩效产生异质性效应,人均GDP、技术创新、FDI、结构因素对环境绩效均有不同程度影响,其中人均GDP、K/L和FDI的影响最为显著。依据以上结论,本文认为各地区应加大环境治理投资力度,加强节能减排技术的开发与应用,提高能源效率,减少污染排放,进一步发挥技术进步对环境绩效的推动作用。构建环境治理长效机制,保证环境治理政策的连续性和稳定性。审慎设计和制定环境规制工具,建立科学合理的环境政策体系,环境治理的关键不是"哪一种规制工具效果最好",而是"哪一组规制组合效果最优"。政府应该结合不同类型环境规制工具的特点,选择最优的环境规制组合,建立长期有效的环境经济政策体系,这一点对综合治理环境污染,提高环境绩效尤其重要。Environmental problem is a major strategic issue for achieving sustainable development. The deterioration of environmental performance derived from excessive energy consumption has been widely invested. For inadequacies of heterogeneous effect of environmental regulations on environmental performance based on undesired output perspectives. This paper applied SBMDDFSML to measure environmental performance and its components in China from 2004 to 2015. Then panel threshold model was used to exanfine the heterogeneous influence of environmental regulation tools on environmental performance. The results showed that the environmental efficiency of all provinces in China was generally low and had significant differences. Excessive enfission of pollutants and overuse of energy are the main reasons of environmental inefficiency. Although environmental total factor productivity （ETFP） grew constantly, Chinese economy is not yet on the path towards green, sustainable growth, especially in the western region. Technological progress was a major source of productivity growth. Regression results showed that environmental regulation and environmental performance had a nonlinear relationship. Different types and stringency of environmental regulations had different effects on environmental performance. Per capita GDP, technological innovation, FDI and structural factors have different influence on environmental performance, among which the per capita GDP, K/L, and FDI had the most significant impact. In addition, this paper pointed out that all regions should increase environmental investment, strengthen development and application of energysaving and emission reduction technologies, improve energy efficiency, reduce pollution emissions, and further play a decisive role of technological progress in environmental performance. Governments should build a longterm mechanism for environmental governance to ensure the continuity and stability of environmental policies. The policy makers should also design and develop environmental

关 键 词：环境绩效 环境规制 SBM-DDF-SML 异质性效应 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]