相对环境规制、高污染产业转移与污染集聚  

Relative environmental regulations,pollution-intensive industry transfer and pollution agglomeration in China

作　　者：秦炳涛 葛力铭 QIN Bing-tao;GE Li-ming(Business School,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;School of Social Development and Public Policy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学管理学院,上海200093 [2]复旦大学区域与城市发展研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2018年第12期52-62,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"雾霾治理与经济发展方式转变机制研究"(批准号:14ZDBl44);教育部人文社科青年基金项目"中国地级市层面的能效提高与节能技术进步:基于前沿理论与空间计量方法的研究"(批准号:16YJC790083);上海理工大学人文社科攀登计划项目"我国全要素能源生产率提高与区域协同机制研究"(批准号:SKl7PB03)

摘　　要：近年来中国高污染产业逐渐由东部发达地区向中西部欠发达地区转移,各地区相应进行一定的环境规制,但中西部地区的污染仍急剧上升。探讨地区间的环境规制差异和高污染性的产业转移对环境污染集聚带来的影响,对我国的环境治理和实现绿色可持续发展具有重要而深远的意义。文章利用我国2006—2015年的省际面板数据,通过计算高污染产业动态集聚指数,环境污染集聚指数和相对环境规制强度指数,利用GMM广义估计法进行全样本、区域异质性、时期异质性回归分析。子样本回归分析中分别按我国东部地区和中西部地区进行区域异质性分组,按我国2006—2010年和2011—2015年进行时期异质性分组,得出的子样本回归结果与全样本回归结果大体上是相吻合的。结果表明:我国相对环境规制与环境污染集聚呈现"倒U型"关系;高污染产业转移所带来的主要是工业废水污染和工业废气污染的集聚程度的加深;由转移所带来工业固体废物污染集聚不十分明显;工业化程度的加深使得地区环境污染集聚加剧; EKC曲线在我国确实存在,但并不显著;劳动力成本和质量的提高会使得环境污染集聚下降。高污染产业转入地在承接转出地产业转移的同时,应该努力提高能源效率,引进绿色排污工具,从而促进转入地和转出地实现经济可持续发展。同时,各地区应依据资源优化配置原则和有效利用原则,充分考虑环境保护的要求,逐渐由分散治理向集中控制转化,力求从地区源头解决污染问题,以实现最大程度的经济发展与环境保护双赢的局面。地方政府应该综合考虑产业结构、地区生产总值、要素成本、资源禀赋等因素,通过建立地区之间的产业链,实现区域之间的协调发展。In recent years, highpolluting industries in China have gradually shifted from the eastern developed regions to the central and western underdeveloped regions. Environmental regulations have been in place in various regions, but pollution in the central and western regions has risen sharply. For environmental governance and sustainable development in China, it is of great significance to explore the differences of environmental regulations among regions and the influence of highly polluting industrial transfer on environmental pollution concentration. This paper used the interprovincial panel data of China from 2006 to 2015 and calculated the dynamic agglomeration index of high pollution industry, the agglomeration index of environmental pollution and the intensity index of relative environmental regulation. GMM generalized estimation method was used to carry out the regression analysis of total samples, regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. In the subsample regression analysis, regional heterogeneity was divided into eastern region and central and western regions, and period heterogeneity was grouped according to 2006 2010 and 2011 2015 in China. The results of subsample regression were generally consistent with that of the whole sample regression. GMM generalized estimation method was used to carry out the regression analysis of total samples, regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. The results showed that there was an inverted U shape relationship between relative environmental regulation and environmental pollution concentration in China. The concentration degree of industrial waste water pollution and industrial waste gas pollution was deepened, mainly caused by the transfer of highly polluting industries. However, the concentration of industrial solid waste pollution caused by the transfer was not obvious. Furthermore, the deepening of industrialization intensified the concentration of regional environmental pollution. EKC curve did exist in China, but it was not significant. The inc

关 键 词：高污染产业转移 相对环境规制强度 污染集聚 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]