长期保护性耕作可提高表层土壤碳氮含量和根际土壤酶活性  

Long-term conservation tillage improves surface soil carbon and nitrogen content and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities

作　　者：宋霄君 吴会军[1] 武雪萍[1] 李倩 王碧胜[1] 李生平 梁国鹏[1] 李景[1,3] 刘彩彩[1,4] 张孟妮 SONG Xiao-jun;WU Hui-jun;WU Xue-ping;LI Qian;WANG Bi-sheng;LI Sheng-ping;LIANG Guo-peng;LI Jing;LIU Cai-cai;ZHANG Meng-ni(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Capital Normal University,Beifing 100048,China;Shanxi Normal University,Linfen,Shanxi 041004,Chin;Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]首都师范大学,北京100048 [3]河北地质大学,河北石家庄050031 [4]山西师范大学,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第6期1588-1597,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300804);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408);国家支撑计划(2015BAD22803);基本科研业务费专项(1610132016035,1610132017032,1610132018026,Y2016XT03);国家863计划(2013AA102901);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120)资助.

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同长期耕作措施对作物根际和非根际土壤碳氮元素含量和土壤酶活性的影响,以及土壤碳氮元素与碳氮转化相关酶之间的相互联系,对认识土壤酶响应土壤碳氮变化的机制和选择合理有效的耕作技术具有重要的理论和实践意义。【方法】长期耕作试验始于1999年,位于河南孟津县,属于黄土高原东部边缘,土层深厚(50—100 m),土壤类型是壤质黄绵土。试验处理有草地(GL)、传统耕作(CT)、免耕覆盖(NT)、深松覆盖(SM),于2016年采集根际土和非根际土0—20 cm、20—40 cm,分析了土壤总碳、有机碳和总氮含量,以及β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-纤维二糖苷酶(CBH)、β-木糖苷酶(BXYL)、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)的活性,并进行了土壤碳氮元素含量与酶活性的相关性分析。【结果】1)与传统耕作相比,免耕和深松显著提高了根际和非根际0—20 cm土壤的总碳、有机碳和总氮含量,显著降低了非根际20—40 cm土壤的总碳、有机碳和总氮含量。草地显著提高了根际土壤总碳、有机碳和总氮含量,显著提高了非根际0—20 cm土壤的有机碳含量,显著降低了非根际土壤的总碳含量和非根际20—40 cm土壤中的有机碳含量。深松显著降低了作物根际和非根际土壤C/N,免耕和草地处理显著降低了作物非根际20—40 cm土壤中的C/N,但草地处理显著提高了作物非根际0—20 cm土壤C/N。2)与传统耕作相比,草地、免耕和深松显著提高了根际土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶和乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶的活性。草地显著提高了根际土壤的亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性,免耕和深松显著降低了根际土壤的亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。3)碳氮转化相关酶之间均存在正相关关系(除β-纤维二糖苷酶与亮氨酸氨基肽酶之间)。碳氮转化相关酶与土壤总碳、总氮和有机碳之间均存在正相关关系(除[ Objectives ] Long-term tillage affects the C and N contents and enzyme activities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of crops, and then affects the correlation between soil C and N contents and the activities of enzymes associated with C and N transformation. The paper compared the effect of different tillage measures to provide reference for selecting rational and effective tillage technology in the tested area. [ Methods ] The longterm tillage experiment, began in 1999, was conducted in Mengjin County, Henan Province, which is located at the east edge of Loss Plateau, the soil was loam Loessal and 50-100 m in depth. The tillage treatments included： weed field （GL）, conventional tillage （CT）, no-tillage and mulch （NT） and sub-soiling and mulch tillage （SM）. Samples of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm deep in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soil were collected in 2016. The contents of total C, organic C and total N, and the activities of [3-glucosidase （BG）, [3-D-cellobioside （CBH）, [3- xylosidase （BXYL）, [3-N-acetylglucosaminidase （NAG） and leucineaminopeptidase （LAP） were analyzed. The correlation between soil C and N content and enzyme activity was analyzed. [ Results ] 1） Compared with the CT, the total C, organic C and total N contents in the 0-20 cm non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soils were significantly increased by NT and SM, but those in the 20-40 cm non-rhizosphere soil were significantly decreased. The contents of total C, organic C and total N in rhizosphere soil, organic C content in 0-20 cm non- rhizosphere soil were significantly increased in GL, but the total C content in non-rhizosphere soil and organic C content in 20-40 cm layer of non-rhizosphere were significantly reduced. SM significantly decreased the C/N in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. NT and GL significantly decreased C/N in 20-40 cm layer non-rhizosphere, but GL significantly increased C/N in 0-20 cm non-rhizosphere. 2） Compared with CT, the activities of BG, CBH, BXYL and NAG in rhizospher

关 键 词：保护性耕作 碳氮含量 土壤酶活性 根际 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]