供需视角下城乡收入差距对企业全要素生产率的影响效应分析  

Analysis on the Effect of Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas on Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

作　　者：宋文飞 李国平[2] 韩先锋[3] Song Wenfei;Li Guoping;Han Xianfeng(Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development,Shaanxi Normal University,Shaanxi 710062,China;School of Economics and Finance,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710061,China;School of Economics and Management,Northwest University,Xi′an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地,陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,普里克研究中心,710119 [2]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,710061 [3]西北大学经济管理学院,710127

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2018年第5期19-40,共22页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目"互联网视野下西部国家重点生态功能区贫困县减贫的社会资本形成机制研究"(18YJCZH150);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费"效率视角下西北地区水资源利用与经济发展的空间协同效应研究"(16SZYB38);国家社会科学基金重大项目"完善生态补偿机制研究"(12&ZD072);国家自然科学基金项目"西部区域创新环境质量评价;监测与空间差异研究"(71273209)资助

摘　　要：城乡收入差距对企业TFP的影响不仅仅体现在供给侧,还体现在需求侧。本文从供需视角研究城乡收入差距对企业TFP的作用机理与影响机制。在作用机理分析的基础上,以A股上市公司2006—2016年的面板数据为研究样本,采用空间门槛模型进行实证分析,研究结果表明:(1)城乡收入差距对全国、东部、西部、民营企业TFP的影响具有不显著的"倒U"型特征,即库兹涅茨"倒U型"假说不存在显著的证据,对中部和国有企业则具有不同程度的正向影响。(2)除了国有企业门槛最高值高于15000外,其他企业最高值都在15000以内,且城乡收入差距在达到门槛最高值后,对企业TFP的影响具有负向影响趋势,揭示了城乡收入差距已经成为企业TFP提升的阻滞因素。(3)现阶段中国城市化进程的"滞后"抑制了城乡收入差距对企业TFP的正向效应,且工业化、城乡消费差距条件下凸显了城乡收入差距对企业TFP的负向效应。(4)在人力资本效应交叉作用条件下,除中部以外,城乡收入差距对企业TFP的影响呈不显著的"倒U型"特征。(5)城乡收入差距与企业利润率有着促进企业TFP的耦合门槛区间,也存在着城乡收入差距与企业高利润的耦合"悖论",即城乡收入差距对高利润企业TFP的提升具有一定的抑制作用。根据实证结论,本文进一步提出提升企业TFP需针对企业区域异质性、产权异质性特征在供需两端同时进行配套改革的政策建议。The influence of income gap between urban and rural areas on enterprise TFP is notonly reflected on the supply side,but also onthe demand side. From the perspective of supply and demand,this paper studies the mechanism of income gap between urban and rural areas onenterprise TFP. Using panel data of A-share Listed Companies in 2006-2016 as research sampleand spatial threshold model for empirical analysis,our results show that： （1） income gap be-tween urban and rural areas has no significant inverted U type features on eastern,western,and private enterprises （i.e. no significant evidence for Kuznets inverted U hypothesis）,while central and state-owned enterprises are more or less positively influenced. （2） the highest threshold value is above 15000 for state-owned enterprises only, and when income gap reaches its highest thresh-old value,enterprise TFP is negatively influenced. （3） the current lag in urbanization inhibited the positive effect of income gap on enterprise TFP,whereas industrialization and the gap be-tween urban and rural consumption highlights the negative effect. （4） under the cross influence of human capital,the impact of income gap on enterprise TFP is an insignificant inverted U for samples other than that of central regions. （5） there exists a coupling threshold interval to pro-mote enterprise TFP between income gap and corporate profit margins,as well as a paradox suggesting that income gap might hamper TFP of high-profit enterprises. Based on such empirical conclusions,this paper further proposes that to improve enterprise TFP,regional heterogeneity and ownership heterogeneity of enterprises should be taken into account,and that reform should be carried out at both supply and demand ends.

关 键 词：城乡收入差距 企业TFP 供给 需求 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]