工头制、劳动力市场分割与工资扭曲:来自近代工业的证据  

Foreman System,Labor Market Segmentation and Wage Distortions:Evidence from Modern Industry

作　　者：王鑫 齐秀琳 雷鸣[3] Wang Xin;Qi Xiulin;Lei Ming(School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu611130,China;School of Business,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Nankai Institute of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院,611130 [2]郑州大学商学院,450000 [3]南开大学经济研究所,300071

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2018年第5期115-132,共18页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"中国老龄化对生产率的影响及作用机制"(71473134);教育部教育科学规划基金项目"合伙的历史和历史中的合伙"(14YJA790018)的资助

摘　　要：工头制是近代工业企业中广泛采用的管理制度,它不仅是一种劳动管理制度,更是一种劳动招聘制度。本文使用《中国工业调查报告(1933)》的行业数据,考察了工头制度对工资扭曲的影响。我们对工资扭曲指数的测算表明,近代工业行业大都存在工资向下扭曲,即工人实际工资低于其边际产品价值。进一步的研究发现,工头制度对工资扭曲有显著的正向作用,在考虑选择性偏误和内生性偏误后该结论依然稳健。随后的机制分析显示,工头制度分割了劳动力市场,使其对工资的向上和向下扭曲发挥作用。同时,只有当工头制实施强度增大时,工头薪资才会加剧工资扭曲。The foreman system is a widely used management system in modern industrial enter-prises. It is not only a labor management system, but also a labor recruitment system. This paper examines the impact of the foreman system on wage distortions using industry data from theChina industrial survey（1933）. Our calculation of the wage distortion index shows that most ofthe modern industry has a downward distortion of wages,that is,the actual wage of workers is lower than their marginal product value. Further studies have found that the foreman system has asignificant positive effect on wage distortions, and that the conclusions are robust after consider-ing selective bias and endogeneity bias. The subsequent mechanism analysis shows that the fore-man system divides the labor market and makes it play a role in the upward and downward distor-tion of wages. At the same time, only when the intensity of the foreman system increases,the foreman＇s salary will exacerbate wage distortions.

关 键 词：工资扭曲 工头制 近代工业 劳动力市场分割 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]