关于后革命马克思主义的思考  

Thoughts on Post-Revolutionary Marxism

作　　者：阿里夫.德里克 许娇娜[3] 

机构地区：[1]美国杜克大学 [2]香港中文大学东亚研究中心 [3]南京大学文学院

出　　处：《马克思主义美学研究》2008年第1期49-61,共13页Research on Marxist Aesthetics

摘　　要：一方面,随着20世纪80年代东欧社会主义的解体,作为一项政治规划的社会主义失去了人们的信任,人们对作为一种理论的马克思主义也逐渐丧失了兴趣。另一方面,尽管有些学者认为马克思主义与国家机构相分离对理论本身来说是好事,因为它解除了理论对国家或者共产党的意识形态依附。但是问题依然存在,马克思主义不仅是一项理论规划,也是一项政治规划,两者之间的关系问题并没有得到解决。在过去的半个世纪里,由于从妇女到种族到本土主义者的各种运动中出现了新的社会力量,以及与后殖民主义和后现代等范畴相关的意识形态的发展。这个问题变得更加复杂。除了这些发展所发起的挑战之外,还要加上最近几十年里出现的全球化的挑战。这些新的挑战要求我们重新思考马克思主义的基本概念,包括阶级概念的空间维度和文化维度。在本文中我所要思考的重点是,这些发展对马克思主义意味着什么?今天的世界形势与马克思主义得以产生的十九世纪中叶以及它在上个世纪所经历的社会环境是很不一样的,马克思主义又怎样使我们有能力对它加以应付?The fall of socialist societies in Eastern Europe since the late 1980s has dis- credited socialism as a political project,and led to a decline of interest in Marx- ism as theory.On the other hand,some scholars have suggested that the sepa- ration of Marxism from state structures may be good for the theory,as it re- lieves the theory from ideological subjection to state or Communist Party needs. This,of course,still leaves the question of Marxism as not just a theoretical but also as a political project,and the relationship between the two.The question has been complicated further over the last half century by the appearance of new social forces from women to ethnic groups to nativist movements,as well as ideo- logical developments associated with the terms postcolonial and postmodern.To the challenges presented by these developments has been added the challenge of globalization over the last decade.This new challenge requires the rethinking of the spatial and cultural dimensions of basic concepts of Marxism,including the concept of class.In this presentation,I will reflect on the implications of these developments for Marxism,and how Marxism may enable us to cope with a world situation that is quite different from the situation that gave rise to Mar- xism in the mid-nineteenth century,and the situations that the theory has con- fronted over the last century.

关 键 词：社会主义 马克思主义 政治与理论 后现代主义 后殖民主义 发展 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]