精准施药技术与装备发展现状分析  

Development Status Analysis of Precision Pesticide Application Techniques and Equipments

作　　者：张波[1] 翟长远[1] 李瀚哲 杨硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农机化研究》2016年第4期1-5 28,28,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家"863计划"项目(2012AA101904);国家自然科学基金项目(31201128);西北农林科技大学科技创新项目(2452013QN070)

摘　　要：精准施药以提高农药利用率、降低农药残留对食品和环境污染为目的,是施药发展的方向。为此,首先介绍了国内外精准施药技术发展现状,包括变量施药控制系统、控制算法、对靶施药控制技术和基于处方图施药技术现状分析。其次,分析了国内外精准施药装备发展现状:普遍应用于果园的风送施药机极大提高了工作效率及喷雾均匀性;风幕式喷杆喷雾机适用于大田喷雾,在减小劳动强度的同时提高了喷雾均匀性,降低了药液漂失量;循环喷雾机以回收利用沉积药液为目的,可提高药液的利用效率,减轻对环境的污染。最后,通过比较国内外相关领域的研究现状,指出国内精准施药技术研究不足,需要利用电子信息和自动化技术进一步提升精准施药装备水平。Precision spraying , as the developing trend of spraying , is aimed at improving pesticide utilization ratio , re-ducing the food and environment pollution caused by pesticide residue .Firstly , the domestic and overseas development status of precision spraying technology , the status of variable-rate spraying control system and its algorithm , target spra-ying technology and spraying based on prescription map were introduced .Secondly , the domestic and overseas develop-ment status of precision equipment was analyzed .Air-assist sprayer widely used in orchard can improve work efficiency and spray uniformity greatly .Air-assist boom sprayer generally applied to field , can improve spray uniformity , reduce pesticide drift and reduced labor intensity .Recycling tunnel sprayer aimed to recycle deposition liquid , can improve pes-ticide utilization and reduce environment pollution .Finally , it was pointed that the research of precision spraying was not enough in china comparing with the overseas development status , and information and automation technology is needed to further enhance precision spraying equipments .

关 键 词：精准施药 对靶施药 处方图 施药装备 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护]