飘移控制喷雾施药技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Spray Drift Control Technology

作　　者：范小博 邓巍[1,2,3,4] 吴桂芳 

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]农业部农业信息技术重点实验室,北京100081 [4]农业智能装备技术北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [5]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农机化研究》2016年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家"863计划"项目(2012AA101904)

摘　　要：农药雾滴飘移是造成药液流失、环境污染、病害防治效果低的重要原因。非目标的雾滴飘失导致了水土污染,人畜中毒,环境恶化等大量问题。为了增强作物种植中施药喷雾对病虫害的防治效果,提高化学农药的使用效率,节省农民的种植成本,减轻农药对环境的污染和人员的伤害,针对喷雾过程中现存的大量问题,结合了目前国内农药的使用现状及相关飘移控制技术的发展,通过对辅助式喷雾、低量低压喷雾、变量喷雾、静电喷雾、抗飘移喷头和农药改善配方的使用等几个方面综述了目前防飘移技术的研究进展,并对其进行综合,提出了一种可行的缓解农药污染的防飘移方案。Spray drift of pesticide is an important factor to cause pesticide loss ,environmental contaminations and low ef-fectiveness of pesticide application .Non-target droplet drift led to a large number of problems , such as the soil and water pollution , human and animal poisoning , and environmental degradation and so on .In order to improve the control effect of pesticide spray on agricultural crops diseases and insect pests , reduce the use of chemical pesticide , save farmers ' planting cost and mitigate the harm of pesticide pollution to the environment and personnel , in this paper , the problems existing in the process of pesticide spraying were taken into account;current situation of domestic pesticide use and de-velopment of the related drift control technology were combined , and then advanced to review several aspects of auxiliary spray technology , low levels and low pressure spraying , variable rate spraying technology , electrostatic spraying technique and the use of anti drift nozzles and the improving pesticide formulations in drift control technology .Finally put forward a comprehensive and workable anti-drift plan about relieving pesticide pollution .

关 键 词：雾滴飘移 沉积 农药防治 飘移控制 环境保护 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护]