高原环境下自然吸气柴油机燃烧及排放特性  

Combustion and Emissions of Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine at Plateaus

作　　者：刘胜吉[1] 陈勇[1] 王建[1] 曾瑾瑾 韩维维[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《内燃机学报》2016年第3期218-224,共7页Transactions of Csice

基　　金：江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(苏证办发[2015])

摘　　要：选取3个海拔高度(10、1,000和1,670,m)进行自然吸气小功率柴油机的燃烧和排放试验,其中,1,000,m和1,670,m的试验环境通过内燃机高海拔大气状态模拟试验系统获得.结果表明:海拔高度升高,同工况下柴油机的最大燃烧压力减小,燃烧始点推迟,滞燃期延长,预混燃烧比重增加,缸内最高燃烧温度升高.海拔高度愈高,排气烟度快速增加的临界功率点愈向小负荷方向偏移,且烟度上升段斜率变大;但在小负荷时,其烟度略有降低.各气体污染物排放量的变化是:海拔高度增加,HC排放明显增加,且在中小负荷时最为显著;CO排放在大负荷和小负荷时增加,在中等负荷附近出现持平或不同程度的下降;NO_x排放随海拔升高变化最小.柴油机整机排放HC、PM明显增大,CO、NO_x变化较小.采用等烟度原则减小高原地区自然吸气柴油机的标定功率,能有效扼制CO、HC和PM排放的恶化.Combustion and emissions of a light-duty diesel engine was conducted at three different altitudes(10,1,000,and 1,670,m),where the experimental environments of plateaus were achieved through high altitudes' atmosphere simulating and testing system.Results shows that,with the rising of altitude,peak combustion pressure is decreased,ignition delay is increased,ignition timing is postponed,proportion of premixed combustion is increased and maximum combustion temperature is increased.The critical power that rapidly increases the exhaust smoke moves the low load,and increasing increment in smoke is increased with the rising of altitude.Exhaust smoke slightly drops at the low load.HC obviously increases with the rising of altitude,especially at medium and low loads.CO deteriorates at heavy and low loads.Under most conditions,NO_x slightly increases with the rising of altitude.Specific emissions were calculated with 8-mode test cycle.With the rising of altitude,HC and PM emissions increases greatly,while CO and NO_x shows slight changes.Adjusting the rated power by the principle of same smoke level can avoid the deterioration of exhaust emissions and smoke at plateaus.

关 键 词：柴油机 高原 燃烧 碳烟排放 废气排放 

分 类 号：TK421[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]