广西糖料甘蔗需水量和灌溉定额空间变异  

Spatial variation of sugarcane water requirement and irrigation quota in Guangxi

作　　者：郭长强[1] 崔远来[1] 李新建 粟世华 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]广西壮族自治区灌溉试验中心站,桂林541199

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第8期89-97,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130141110014);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201301013)

摘　　要：广西是中国主要的糖料蔗生产基地,地处喀斯特地貌区,其土壤保水保肥效率低,且年降水时空分布不均,灌溉对保障糖料蔗高产稳产极其重要。研究糖料蔗需水量及灌溉定额空间变异规律,对指导糖料蔗高效节水灌溉,保障其高产稳产具有极其重要的作用。以广西7个灌溉试验站的试验数据为基础,采用双作物系数法,结合全区25个气象站的数据,计算全区多年平均参照作物蒸发蒸腾量(crop reference evapotranspiration,ET0)及滴灌、小管出流、微喷灌和沟灌共4种灌水方式下的作物需水量(crop evapotranspiration,ETc)和灌溉定额,分析各变量的空间变异性,并绘制其等值线图。与观测资料对比发现,该文基于双作物系数法得到的ETc相对误差范围在5%左右。气象因素空间分布的不均匀性导致ET0和ETc的空间分布不均,进而导致灌溉定额的空间分布差异,其中以降水的影响最明显。全区多年平均日均有效降水量全区相对差异达65%,东兴和百色分别为全区最大值和最小值点,分别为5.37和1.94 mm/d。滴灌、小管出流、微喷灌和沟灌4种灌水方式下日均ETc分别为3.48、3.48、3.59和3.52 mm/d,北海为全区峰值点,田东为区域性峰值点。全区多年平均灌溉定额在滴灌、小管出流、微喷灌和沟灌灌水方式下分别为135、135、354和457 mm。不同灌水方式下全区糖料蔗灌溉定额呈现出相同的空间分布规律,即桂林至田东一带为灌溉定额的高值区,田东为全区的峰值点。研究可为广西地区糖料蔗的灌溉行为包括灌溉方式和灌溉定额的选择提供理论指导。Guangxi Province, the major sugarcane production base in China, is of significant importance in ensuring the national sugar industry security duo to its high and stable sugarcane output. In order to understand the laws of water requirement of Guangxi sugarcane, guide sugarcane irrigation in different parts of Guangxi, achieve water conservancy modernization and consolidate the national base of sugarcane production, contour map of water requirement and irrigation norm of sugarcane covering the entire area of Guangxi were drawn and their associated spatial variability was investigated. A total of 3-year sugarcane irrigation tests were carried out in 7 experimental stations located in North Guangxi (Luzhai and Liuzhou stations), Central Guangxi (Wuxuan, Wuming, Fusui and Jiangzhou stations) and South Guangxi (Hepu station) from 2012 to 2014. The difference of sugarcane yield under the condition of various irrigation methods and norm was studied and data base of soil and irrigation were simultaneously established. Additionally, basic meteorological data (daily highest temperature, lowest temperature, relative humidity, etc) were collected by 25 nationally meteorological stations in this region. Based on existing data of soil and growth period of sugarcane from the 7 experimental stations, planting area of sugarcane in Guangxi was divided into North, Central, West and South Guangxi. In the aforementioned 7 experimental stations, Luzhai, Wuxuan, Jiangzhou, Fusui, Wuming and Hepu represented North Guangxi, east of Central Guangxi, west of Central Guangxi, West Guangxi and South Guangxi, respectively. According to this division and the meteorological data of nearly 60 years from the 25 meteorological stations, crop reference evapotranspiration ET0 were estimated based on Penman-Monteith formula. Sugarcane crop water requirements ETc were estimated through dual crop coefficient method under 4 different irrigation methods of drip irrigation, small tube flow irrigation, micro-spray irrigation and furrow irrigation. And irri

关 键 词：糖料蔗 灌溉 蒸发蒸腾 灌溉定额 等值线图 空间分布 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学] S274