柔性膜覆盖车库式厌氧干法发酵系统结构设计与应用  

Design and application of dry anaerobic fermentation system using flexible membrane-covered garage

作　　者：朱德文[1] 谢虎[1] 曹杰[1] 韩柏和[1] 李瑞容[1] 王鹏军[1] 曲浩丽[1] 赵维松 王冬冬[1] 马标[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第8期177-183,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项项目(201403019)

摘　　要：针对目前厌氧发酵中沼液沼渣量大难处理、原料预处理难、耗水量大、原料适应性差等问题,导致沼气工程运行成本高、效率低、劳动强度大、费工费时,该文设计一种柔性膜覆盖车库式厌氧干法发酵系统,可适用于多元有机物料混合厌氧发酵。该系统是将国外车库式干发酵技术和国内柔性膜覆盖技术耦合研制而成,根据厌氧干发酵生产工艺要求,确定了该发酵系统关键结构参数和运行工作参数,进行了干发酵库体的结构设计、冬季发酵增温系统设计、喷淋强化传质传热系统设计与试验。通过生产应用表明:干发酵库体的结构设计合理,增温系统设计能够满足干发酵工程冬季增温工艺要求,喷淋系统能够达到传质传热目的,发酵系统运行状况良好,产气率为0.81 m^3/(m^3·d),CH_4体积分数为67%,原料降解率为48%,该发酵系统运行稳定、可靠,大大提升了处理农村有机废弃物的能力,促进了厌氧干发酵技术的持续、健康、快速发展。Relative to wet fermentation, dry fermentation(the density of fermentable dry substrate materials ≥ 20%) is a new technology that anaerobia are used to decompose animal manure, straw and other organic solid wastes into CH_4 and CO_2. This technology is an effective way to deal with rural organic wastes. However, considering the status of current research and application of dry fermentation, the technology developed in other countries has complex facility structure, high investment, complicated operation and higher safe operation requirements of the system. Domestic dry fermentation, which mainly focuses on ways to improve the rate of gas production and the pretreatment of fermentation feedstock rather than optimizing the structural design, enhancing heat and mass transfer, improving warming and insulation effects, and reducing production costs, has been hardly seen in large-scale production and its research has been limited in the pilot or experimental study. For the flexible membrane covered garage dry anaerobic fermentation introduced in this paper, we have combined the typical mature German garage dry fermentation with domestic flexible membrane covering to achieve technological integration and innovation. Our research provided data reference and technical support for large scale application of anaerobic dry fermentation in China. To overcome high costs, inefficiency, intensive labor, and time and human resources required for treating large quantity of biogas slurry residue, the difficulty of raw material pretreatment, high water consumption, and poor adaptability of raw materials in present anaerobic fermentation, the system in this paper was suitable for the mixed anaerobic fermentation of organic materials of various sources. Based on processing requirements of dry anaerobic fermentation, the new system had defined the key structural and operational parameters and designed facilities including dry fermentation reservoir, temperature enhancement system in winter and the spray enhanced heat and mass transfe

关 键 词：发酵 设计 沼气 柔性膜 车库式干发酵 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]