中国北方盐碱水域中的底栖动物  

Zoobenthos in inland saline waters from autonomous region northern parts of China

作　　者：谢祚浑[1] 周一兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连水产学院养殖系,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连水产学院学报》2002年第3期176-186,共11页Journal of Dalian Fisheries University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 38970 5 89)

摘　　要：1975～ 1 994年对山西省、河北省、内蒙古自治区和宁夏回族自治区的 2 6个盐碱水域 (盐度 0 5 8～ 1 6 3 0、pH 8 46～ 1 0 1 0 ) ,进行了 92个点的采集。共见到底栖动物 1 0 3种 ,分别隶属于环节动物、软体动物、昆虫类等 1 5个目。其中摇蚊科幼虫有 1 1个属、 48个种。其余为蠓蚊科幼虫、颤蚓科、锥实螺科、扁卷螺科、科、伪蜓科、划蝽科、牙虫科、叶科等种类。分析结果表明 ,所有水域的共同特点是以摇蚊幼虫为优势种群 ,其中花纹前突摇蚊幼虫和羽摇蚊幼虫出现率最高 ,均为 3 0 8%,其次为穴居摇蚊幼虫 ,出现率为 2 6 9%。其它底栖动物如鞘翅目牙虫科幼虫和寡毛纲颤蚓的出现率均为2 3 1 %。对水体主成分的水质分析结果表明 ,决定底栖动物分布和种数的主要因素是与总硬度、盐度和总碱度相关的水化学特征 ,其中底栖动物种数与总碱度呈显著的负相关关系 (R2 =- 0 3 4 2 ,n =2 6 ,P <0 0 5 )。The zoobenthos found in 26 waters with salinity varying from 0.58-16.30 and pH from 8.46-10.10, in Shanxi Province, Hebei Province, Ningxia Huizu and mner Mongolia, China, were investigated during 1975-1994. Among all of samples,103 species of Annelida, Mollusca, and Aquatic insects were recorded, of which 48 species belonged to Chironomidae larvai, others to Ceralopogonidae larvai, Tubificidae, Lymnaeidae,Planorbidae,Caenagrionidae,Corduliidae,Corixidae,Hydrophilidae and Chrysomelidae. As identifying results, dominant population of zoobenthos was chironomidae larva in all of these waters, the highest rate of occurrence were Procladius meigen and Chironomus plumosus Linne, both being 30.8%; the others such as Hydrophilidae larva and Tubificidae were 23.1%. Alkalinity, salinity and hardness were major factors influencing the quantity distribution of species by means of principal component analysis, and the regression analysis indicated that there was significantly negative correlation of alkalinity with the fauna of zoobenthos ranging in salinity from 0.58-16.30(R 2 =-0.342,n=26,P<0.05). The relationship befmeen the species composition, salinity tolerance and quantity distribution of zoobenthos with salinity, alkalinity, pH, and hardness in inland saline waters were discussed.

关 键 词：内陆盐水 底栖动物 摇蚊科幼虫 盐度 碱度 种数分布 渔业利用 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源] Q178.5[农业科学—水产科学]