农村人口都市化与社会结构变迁新论——孟德拉斯《农民的终结》带来的思考  

A New Study of Urbanization of Rural Population and Social Structure: Reflections from The End of Peasants by Henri Mendras

作　　者：张鸿雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会工程与管理学院

出　　处：《民族研究》2002年第1期26-34,共9页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：20世纪 6 0年代法国著名社会学家孟德拉斯提出了法国“农民的终结”的认识观 ,以后 2 0年法国城市化与农业发展的进程证实了这一结论。当代中国正处于都市化的发展高潮阶段 ,未来的 2 0到 30年间面临着“都市社会的来临”和“农业社会的终结”的考验 ,城市数量将从目前的 6 0 0多座发展到 130 0多座 ,城市人口将从目前的占全部人口的 30 %增加到 6 5 % ,将有 5亿多农民走进城市。这是人类发展史上的巨大的社会变迁。当代中国正面临着全新的社会变迁与人口迁移格局 ,使传统都市化的模式与农业发展理论受到挑战 ,因此 ,总结、分析、认识人类社会及未来中国都市与乡村社会结构变迁的趋势 ,对于中国都市化道路及乡村变迁的模式选择具有非常重要的意义。In 1960s, the eminent French sociologist, Henri Mendras, put forward his viewpoint of the end of French peasants in his book entitled The End of Peasants, or La Fin de Paysans in original. In the subsequent 20 years, the process of urbanization and agricultural development in France substantiated Mendras's conclusion. China is now witnessing the upsurge of the urban development, and within 20-30 years, it will face the tests of the 'coming of urban society' and the 'end of agricultural society'. The number of cities will increase from current 600 odd to more than 1,300, and the proportion of the urban people to the total population will increase from current 30% to 65%, with more than 500 million villagers moving into the city. This will be a huge social change in human history. The completely new situation of social change and migration China is now facing makes the traditional model of urbanization and the theory of agricultural development being challenged. For this reason, it is of great importance to summarize, analyze and recognize the tendency of human society as well as the changes of China's urban-rural structure in the future, so as to choose the road to urbanization and the model of rural change in China.

关 键 词：农村人口 城市化 社会结构变迁 孟德拉斯 《农民的终结》 都市农业 结构性农业 

分 类 号：F30[经济管理—产业经济]