新型射流消能的流态演变与极限临底流速研究  

High Head Big Flow Rate Per Unit Width of the Horizontal Submerged Jets Flow Pattern Evolution and the Velocity Changing Law Research

作　　者：王立杰[1,2] 牛争鸣[1,2] 张苾萃 安丰勇 李延农[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]水能资源利用关键技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《四川大学学报（工程科学版）》2016年第S1期8-13,共6页Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition)

基　　金：水能资源利用关键技术湖南省重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目(PKLHD201301)

摘　　要：多股多层水平淹没射流流态演变复杂,其极限临底流速受泄水建筑物出口体型影响大。针对向家坝水电站所采用的多股多层水平淹没射流的消能型式,通过物理模型试验,分析影响其效率效果的18个物理参数。表孔单独泄洪条件下,消力池内分别呈自由射流、半潜射流、淹没射流及回复底流的流态演变;中孔单独泄洪条件下,其出现偏流,并随下游水位的升高而消失,同时空间扩散比对其流态演变影响明显;联合泄洪时,下游水位对其流态演变影响明显,同时表孔适当收缩对流态改变影响明显。研究表明:表孔单独泄洪时,影响其最大临底流速的参数为出口跌坎高程和水流弗氏数;中孔单独泄洪时,影响最大临底流速的主要参数为出口跌坎高程和跌坎底坡比;联合泄洪时,影响其最大临底流速的参数为表孔收缩比、表孔侧收缩比、表中孔出口高程差、表中孔出口水流弗氏数及中孔跌坎底坡比。展望了高水头、大流量、低雾化泄洪消能的研究前景。The applications and the flood discharge atomization of ski-jump energy dissipation and underflow energy dissipation in some hydropower stations were listed. 17 physical parameters which influence the efficiency of energy dissipation pattern of Xiangjiaba hydropower station were analyzed. When only the surface outlets were operating in flood discharge,the flow pattern evolution was from free jet,semi-submerged jet,submerged jet to return underflow respectively. When only the middle outlets were operating,with the change of downstream water level,the bias flow appeared and then disappeared by the rise of the downstream water level,the spatial diffusion ratio was more obviously than the flow pattern evolution at the same time. When both the seven outlets and middle outlets were operating,the downstream water level had obvious effects on the flow pattern evolution,the contraction of surface outlets had obvious influence in the flow pattern evolution. Studies showed that flood discharge with surface outlets alone,the parameters which influenced the maximum underflow velocity are elevation of drop-still in outlets and Froude number of flow. Flood discharge with middle outlets alone,the parameters which influenced the maximum underflow velocity are elevation of drop-still in outlet and drop-still bottom slope ratio. Flood discharge with surface outlets and middle outlets,the parameters which influenced the maximum underflow velocity are contraction ratio of surface outlets,side contraction ratio of surface outlets,height deviation of surface-middle outlets,Froude number of flow in surface-middle outlets and drop-still bottom slope ratio in middle outlets.

关 键 词：多股多层水平淹没射流 流态演变 极限临底流速 低雾化 

分 类 号：TV653[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV135.2