油松古树衰老过程中的生长与生理变化  

Growth and physiological changes during plant senescence of ancient Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.

作　　者：王巧 朱红[1,2] 王华田[1,2] 孟宪鹏[3] 曹桂萍[3] 李健[3] 黄昌豹[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东省高校森林培育重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]国家林业局泰山森林生态系统定位研究站,山东泰安271018 [3]泰山风景名胜区管理委员会,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《山东大学学报（理学版）》2016年第5期29-35,共7页Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家公益行业科研专项(201104002-6);泰安市科技计划项目(2011-40)

摘　　要：选取不同生长状况的泰山油松古树以及生长健壮的幼龄和壮龄油松为研究对象,生长季结束后测量枝梢连年生长量、针叶长度、针叶粗度等形态变化指标及叶绿素含量、膜透性、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、矿质元素C、N、P、K、Mg含量和脱落酸(ABA)含量等生理变化指标,以探明油松古树衰老机制,进而对古树树势进行诊断并采取适宜的复壮养护管理措施以延缓衰老。结果发现,与健壮油松相比,油松古树针叶细、短,枝梢的生长量低;光合作用能力弱,叶绿素含量低,光能利用效率下降;膜透性增大,膜脂过氧化作用加剧;C、N、Mg、K元素含量升高,P元素含量无明显变化;内源激素ABA含量显著提高,造成树势的衰弱。其中濒危油松古树ABA含量最高、膜脂过氧化最严重、胞间CO2含量较高,同时其他各项指标均处于最低水平。油松形态变化指标与生理指标之间有显著的相关性。这些研究结果说明,叶绿素含量、膜透性、Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、矿质元素C、N、P、K、Mg含量和ABA含量等生理变化指标可揭示衰弱及濒危古树与健壮油松间各种反应机制的差别,能够作为树势诊断的依据。In order to provide scientific basis of the vigor diagnosis and their rejuvenation and management to anti-aging,the growth and physiological diagnosis indices of the young healthy trees and senescence ancient pines were investigated. The annual pine needles from healthy and weak pines with different ages in the Taishan National Park were used as materials. The shoot length,needle length and coarseness,chlorophyll content,membrane permeability,net photosynthetic rate( Pn),transpiration rate( Tr),stomatal conductance( Gs),intercellular CO_2concentration( Ci),mineral elements content of C,N,P,K and Mg,abscisic acid( ABA) content of pine needles were measured. The results showed that,comparing with healthy pines,the ancient ones had thinner,shorter needles and weaker photosynthetic capacity,lower growth of shoots,chlorophyll content and light use efficiency. Membrane permeability creased with membrane lipid peroxidation. There were no remarkable changes in P content and increased mineral elements content of C,N,Mg and K in senescing and weak ancient pines. Higher ABA content led to weakness of vigor. The correlation between morphological changes and physiological indexes were significant. It was summarized that growth and physiological indexes could be used as bases to diagnose the senescence and weakness of ancient pines.

关 键 词：油松 衰老 生长 生理 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种]