经济危机背景下的社会保障:美国的经验  

Social Protection for the Economic Crisis:The U.S.Experience

作　　者：加里·贝特里斯 丁怡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院

出　　处：《社会保障研究（北京）》2009年第2期15-40,共26页

摘　　要：本文从当前的财政危机出发,探讨了在经济衰退期美国政府社会保障政策的变化和反应。文章首先对当前美国经济状况作了初步介绍,特别是分析了当前的经济衰退与以往不同的特点。其次讨论了美国政府对于经济衰退采取的措施,重点关注国会通过的临时措施可能对社会保障网络产生的影响。最后对美国社会保障系统应对经济危机的能力作了简要评估。美国社会保障制度应对经济危机的措施包括两个部分:一是常规社会保障系统,早在国会和当前政府采取特别措施应对经济危机以前就持续发挥其安全和稳定的作用;二是在2008年2月获得国会授权的特别措施。这两类措施分别在不同程度上保证公民在当前经济危机的状况下仍然享有社会保障的权益。This paper considers the current financial crisis and the American government's response to the crisis in the area of social protection.It considers recent trends in the U.S.economy,particularly those trends that make the current recession different from earlier ones.Then we discuss the U.S.government response to the recession,with special reference to Congressional actions affecting the social safety net.Finally,the conclusion of the paper offers a brief assessment of the U.S.social safety net response to economic crisis.The response has two main components.The first is the automatic stabilization system already in place,even before Congress and the Administration took special steps to address the crisis.The second is the extraordinary measures that Congress has authorized since February 2008.These two kinds of measures will assure social protection to Americans in the current economic crisis.

关 键 词：经济危机 社会保障 经济刺激计划 税收优惠 财政救济 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]