社会保险给付的财产权保障——台德释宪实务之观察  

Social Insurance Benefits as a Property Right——An Empirical Study on the Constitutional Jurisprudence between Taiwan and Germany

作　　者：邵惠玲 

机构地区：[1]台湾高雄大学政治法律系

出　　处：《社会保障研究（北京）》2009年第2期103-115,共13页

摘　　要：财产权维护人民经济自由与生活安全的功能,充分反映在今日人民经济安全日渐倚赖的社会保险给付。财产权保障理论由私法延伸至公法上社会保险给付请求权,亦使财产权保障范围由消极的防御权延伸至具有积极功能的社会参与权。社会保险给付权利人基于法规的规定,取得一个抽象、就未来发生之事故主张参与分配保险给付的请求权。在社会保险财库发生危机、必须削减时,哪些社会保险给付应受到财产权保障?此等社会财产权保障的实质内涵为何?财政危机下社会保险给付的存续保障,使释宪机关陷入国家财政平衡与人民财产权存续保障的两难。相较于德国释宪实务以给付的私利用性、自己给付与生存保障等高门槛的财产权保障标准,保守地避免涉入国家社福政策取向与资源分配的争端,台湾"大法官"解释强调社会保险制度确保人民经济安全的功能。在广泛承认社会保险给付财产权保障的前提下,进行个别法令限制给付的合宪性审查,积极发挥释宪机关作为宪法守护者应尽之职责。Social insurance benefits play a leading role in promoting economic security and liberty in society.Moreover,these benefits are also under protection as a property right.There is nonetheless a tension between the need of social policy and protection of property right when the government attempts to reduce social insurance benefits under financial crisis.Because the contemporary jurisprudence of property right emphasizes positive function to promote social involvement and security,it is arguable whether the government is constitutionally allowed to infringe property rights for the reason of financial balance. This article provides an empirical and comparative study on how to deal with this dilemma in Constitutional Courts of Germany and Taiwan.In order to avoid making social policy and distribution of resources,the German Court creates a narrow scope of property right by the private usage of benefits(Privatn tzigkeit),personal contribution(Eigenleistung)and life security(Existenzsicherung).However,the Taiwan Court takes different path from the German way,and to emphasize the security function of social insurance system.With a close-up review of decisions from two Courts,the author proposes that the protection of property right should be given priority and the Court should recognize social insurance benefits as property right as broad as possible.

关 键 词：社会保险给付 财产权 私利用性 自己给付 生存保障 

分 类 号：F842[经济管理—保险]