基于社区的城市贫困治理问题研究——以XM市ZH街道为分析个案  

The Governance of Urban Poverty Based on Community:A Case Study of ZH Street,Xiamen

作　　者：丁煜[1] 李琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院 [2]香港城市大学公共及社会行政学系

出　　处：《社会保障研究（北京）》2010年第1期82-95,共14页

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"提升我国失业保险制度的就业促进功能:实证分析与政策研究"成果之一;项目编号08JC790084

摘　　要：本文是基于对XM市ZH街道个案分析的实证研究。本文的主要调研发现包括:(1)低保对象甄别困难,"假低保"现象严重;(2)贫困群体因普遍缺乏向上流动的能力,且表现出一定程度的社会疏离;(3)各级政府在城市贫困治理中,起着强势主导的作用,贫困群体作为"被预期了的穷人",只是被动的接受者;(4)贫困群体的公益精神开始发育,开始出现以志愿服务的方式参与社区发展,但这并不意味着已经形成有效的社区参与机制。在此基础上,本文结合理论对上述问题进行了深入分析,并得出如下结论:(1)贫困群体具有异质性,应实行分类管理;(2)对贫困对象的准确定位,在加强管理的同时,应引入自律和他律机制;(3)应在保护"有工作的穷人"的前提下,真正建立起"工作第一"的福利理念;(4)就提供服务而言,主体的多元化和客体的参与是必要的,政府的作用是形成一个使不同主体和客体共同发挥作用的制度框架;(5)对贫困群体而言,通过组织化增权的方式提升人力资本和拓展社会资本,具有非常重要的意义。This is an empirical research based on the case of ZH Sub-district,Xiamen city.The major findings of this paper are.(1) The eligibility test of urban poor is very dif- ficult.The phenomena of'waste,fraud,and abuse'are increasingly serious;(2) The urban poor lack of both motivation and ability to move upward generally,even there emerges social alienation to some extent;(3) Both central and local governments play a leading role during the urban poverty governance.As the target beneficiaries of social assistance policies, voices of urban poor can not be heard and they are really in no position to bargain;(4) With the bud of public spirit in China's urban community,the urban poor have become participating in community development as volunteers.But it doesn't mean that there has been formed the valid mechanism of community engagement.Combining these findings with theoretical analysis,major conclusions are:(1) The poor groups should be managed by means of classification because of their heterogeneity;(2) To target the urban poor precisely,it is necessary to bring in the autonomy and the heteronomy mechanism while strengthening management; (3) To build the'work first'welfare sense under the premise of protecting the'working poor';(4) Both subjects' diversity and objects' participation are necessary in the process of providing public services.Moreover,the role of government is to form an institutional framework for them;(5) As for the urban poor,it is the significant way to expand their social capitals by organized empowerment.

关 键 词：社区 反贫困 低保制度 政府 治理 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]