中国六岁以下儿童维生素A缺乏情况调查  

Survey on vitamin A deficiency in children under-6-years in China

作　　者：林良明[1] 刘玉琳[1] 马官福[2] 谈藏文[3] 张新利[1] 蒋竞雄[3] 宋小芳[3] 王力[3] 张建娜[4] 王贺茹[4] 李梅[4] 

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所流行病学研究室,北京100020 [2]首都儿科研究所临床实验室,北京100020 [3]首都儿科研究所营养研究室,北京100020 [4]首都儿科研究所儿童保健研究室,北京100020

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2002年第5期315-319,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的　了解中国 6岁以下儿童维生素A(VA)缺乏的患病率及地区分布特点。方法　采用分层整群随机抽样方法 ,抽取中国 14个省 (沿海 4个省、内地 5个省、边远 5个省 )的 14个市及 2 8个县进行调查。调查内容包括家庭和儿童营养问卷 ,收集儿童血清。儿童血清VA标本全部在首都儿科研究所用荧光分析仪检测。结果　 14个省共调查 6岁以下 86 6 9人 (城市 2 877人 ,农村 5 792人 ) ,男 4 6 2 9人 ,女 4 0 4 0人。 2～ 5岁儿童夜盲症 8例 ,结膜干燥症 7例 ,母亲夜盲症 6 1人 ,均为农村人口。血清VA检测结果 :≤ 0 70 μmol/L的 10 18例 (11 7% ) ,其中城市 15 0例 ,占 5 2 % ,农村 86 8例 ,占 15 0 % (贫困县占 2 3 3% ) ;沿海、内地、边远分别为 14 5例 (5 8% )、35 5例 (11 5 % )、5 18例 (16 8% )。平均VA浓度 :全国为 1 0 6 μmol/L ,城乡分别为 1 2 0和 0 99μmol/L。 <6个月婴儿平均VA浓度≤0 70 μmol/L的为 33 4 % ,4～ 5岁儿童为 8%。性别差异无显著性 ,但年龄的差异有显著性。 结论　中国儿童存在VA缺乏 ,特别是在农村贫困地区 ,需要对这些地区的儿童补充VA。Objective To understand the prevalence and spatial distribution of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in China among children at ages under six years Methods About 8 600 children under 6 years of age in 14 cities and 28 counties of 14 provinces were selected with stratified cluster sampling for survey, including interview with questionnaire for their family information and nutritional status Blood specimens were collected for measuring serum level of VA with fluorescent spectrophotometry in laboratory Results Totally, 8 669 children under6 (2 877 in urban area and 5 792 in rural area) were surveyed in 14 provinces, with 4 629 males and 4 040 females Eight cases of night blindness and seven cases of xerophthalmia were found among the children at ages of two to five years Sixty one mothers of the children in this group were also found suffering from night blindness All the cases of night blindness and xerophthalmia both in children and mothers were living in rural areas Based on their serum levels of VA, 11 7% of the all 1 018 children were diagnosed as VAD, with serum VA concentrations below or equal to 0 70 μmol/L Prevalence of VAD was 15 0% and 5 8% in rural (23 3% in the poverty stricken counties) and urban areas, respectively, and 5 8%, 11 5% and 16 8% in the coastal, inland and remote areas, respectively The average serum level of VA was 1 20 μmol/L and 0 99 μmol/L for urban and rural areas, respectively, with a national average of 1 06 μmol/L And, babies under six months of age with an average serum levels of VA ≤0 70 μmol/L accounted for 33 4%, and those at ages of four to five years with the same level of VA accounted for 8% There was significant difference in serum levels of VA between ages, but no significant difference between genders Conclusion VAD did exist in children of China, especially in the remote and poverty stricken rural areas and VA supplementation is urgently needed for the children in these regions

关 键 词：儿童 维生素A缺乏 调查 数据收集 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]