法国肉鹌鹑胚胎发育的形态学观察和影响发育的环境因素  

Morphological observation on the development of French quail's embryo and the effects of environmental factors

作　　者：张信文[1] 熊燕[1] 高金岗[2] 马文儒[1] 符娜 谢凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范学院生物系,海南海口571158 [2]海南师范学院分析测试中心,海南海口571158

出　　处：《海南师范学院学报（自然科学版）》2002年第3期214-219,共6页Journal of Hainan Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：海南省高校优秀中青年教师科研基金 ;海南省自然科学基金 (A3980 9)

摘　　要：选迪法克系肉鹌鹑的种蛋进行人工孵化实验 ,观察胚胎发育的形态变化及环境因素对发育的影响 .a.取入孵 2h至 16d的活体胚胎 ,经固定、染色和制作整体装片或标本后观察 .结果显示 :鹌鹑胚胎在入孵前已发育 ,产卵 2 8h原条已明显可见 ,入孵 14h后原肠胚形成 ,入孵 36h,脑泡和心包出现 ,入孵 96h ,神经胚完成 ,孵化 16d左右 ,器官完全形成 ,发育成雏鸟出壳 .b .将种蛋分 7组进行孵化 ,观察和比较了 4种环境因素对孵化和胚胎发育的影响 .结果表明 :1)消毒可防止病菌、病毒和寄生虫卵感染造成死胚 ;2 )及时翻蛋和常换气可防止缺氧和CO2 中毒 ;3)温度过低 (35～ 36℃ ) ,造成鹑胚孵化慢 ,生长发育迟缓 ,出雏后易死亡 ;温度过高 (39～ 4 1℃ ) ,造成鹑胚孵化快 ,但发育不良 ,出雏后也易死亡 ;4 )相对湿度过低 (45 %以下 ) ,导致胚胎严重失水死亡 ;相对湿度过高 (75 %以上 ) ,导致缺氧甚至闷死 .上述结果为增加养鹑业的经济效益提供了应用基础的科学依据 .The adult French quail's eggs were artificially hatc hed. The morphological changes on the embryo development and the effect of envir onmental factors were studied. a.The whole mounts of these embryoes from post-hatching 2 to 16 were observed. The results were as follows: the French quail's embryoes developed before hatch ing and primitive streak can be obviously seen on the 28th hour after laying egg s. The gastrula formed on post-hatching 14. The brain-dunk and heart-bundle appe ared on post-hatching 36 hour. The neurula formed o n post-hatching 96 hour. The French quail's organs formed and developed complete ly on the 16th day and then the hatchling was out of the egg-shell. b. The adult Fr ench quail' eggs were divided into 7 groups and hatched. The four kind of effect s of environmental factors on the embryo development and hatch were studied. T he results showed: (1) Sterilization prevented the bacteriae, viruses and para sites from infecting the egg-seed and avoided the death of embryoes. (2) Turnin g the eggs over and ventilate the hatching-room on time avoided the shortage of oxygen and CO 2 poisoning. (3) Undertemperature (35℃～36℃) induced the slo w development of the embryoes and the easy death of the hatchling; Overtem perature (39℃～41℃) induced that the embryoes grew quickly but hypogenesis and the hatchlings were also prone to death. (4) Relative humidity, if below 45 %, could induce embryo death as a result of severe loss of water; if above 75% ,it could induce the shortage of oxygen and even stifling.The above results prov ided the scientific evidences in application to increasing the economic ben efit of quail-raising trade.

关 键 词：法国肉鹌鹑 胚胎发育 形态学 环境因素 整体装片 胚胎解剖 形态特征 

分 类 号：Q959.725[生物学—动物学] Q954.4