基于PSR模型的白龙江流域景观生态安全时空变化  

Dynamics of Landscape Ecological Security Based on PSR Model in the Bailongjiang River Watershed

作　　者：谢余初[1] 巩杰[1] 张玲玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室西部环境与气候变化研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地理科学》2015年第6期790-797,共8页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2014-265;lzujbky-2014-117);国家自然科学基金项目(41271199)资助

摘　　要：以地貌灾害频发的甘肃白龙江流域为研究区,基于"压力-状态-响应"框架模型构建流域景观生态安全评价指标体系,探讨其时空变化过程及其特征。结果表明:1990~2010年间白龙江流域景观生态安全综合指数逐渐上升,中高安全等级以上的面积约占研究区总面积的52%。流域内低生态安全区域主要集中在舟曲-武都段白龙江两岸区域、宕昌县西北区域和迭部县北部山区,高安全区域主要集中在自然保护区、林业发展区等植被覆盖较好的区域,其分布格局与滑坡、泥石流和水土流失等地貌灾害的风险分布格局相反。Bailongjiang River watershed(BRW), a typical geomorphic area with frequent-hazards, located in the transitional ecotone among the Loess Plateau, Qinba Mountains and Tibet Plateau, was chosen as the study area to analyze the landscape ecological security(LES). Based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR) conceptual framework and platforms of GIS and RS technology, an evaluation system for landscape ecological security was suggested with three dimensions(Pressure, State and Response) from 1990 to 2010. The three components, namely each of the three dimensions and two factors specific to the particular dimension, were determined separately from each other, and then integrated into a single rating. The factors were also divided into two types, depending on their impact on the ecological security: positive(+) or negative(-). Here the pressure index, which reflected the pressure that geomorphic hazard exerted on the environment, consists of landslides,debris flows, soil and water erosion. The landscape state index, which was related to the quality of the environment, was composed of landscape vulnerability index and ecological service value. The response index, which was described as reaction of human beings to landscape dynamics, was defined as adjusted intensity of natural reserve districts, water area, forest, grazing district and crop lands. And then, the landscape ecological security was classified into 5 levels: low, slight, medium, medium-high and high. In the same time, the evaluation units were Landsat TM pixels and the fundamental data set was obtained by classifying raw TM data in this study;and the factors used in PSR model were obtained by using different data from meteorological station, soil surveys and maps, digitized topographic maps, NDVI, DEM and Landsat TM images. The results showed that:the maximum value of landscape pressure index was 0.697, 0.699, and 0.709 in 1990, 2002 and 2010 respectively, although the average value change was not obvious, which means the landscape pressure increased locally. Th

关 键 词：景观生态安全 PSR模型 地貌灾害 白龙江流域 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]