恐怖主义受害者的救济与主权豁免——美国公民针对支持恐怖主义国家的诉讼评介  

The Remedy of Victims of Terrorism and Sovereign Immunity——a Critique of the Lawsuits by the American Citizens against the States that Supported Terrorism

作　　者：汪自勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2006年第2期373-396,共24页Wuhan University International Law Review

摘　　要：美国国会制定了一系列法案,允许受害的美国公民及其亲属对符合一定条件的支持恐怖主义的外国国家向美国法院提起损害赔偿的诉讼,并保障胜诉者的判决得以执行。它实际上否定了某些国家依据主权豁免原则,至少就其统治行为享有的管辖豁免权和执行豁免权。这些法律没有取得预定的效果,遭到许多国家和国际社会的批评。国际反恐怖主义形势的变化使这些法律变得更加不合时宜。国家的国际责任问题不应借助国内法院的单方面司法行为,而应通过国家之间的平等协商谈判来解决。The U.S.Congress has enacted a series of regulations,which allow American citizens and their next of kin,the victims of terrorism,to bring a case before a federal court against the conditioned states that have sponsored or supported terrorism and execute their judgments.The regulations actually denied the jurisdiction immunities and execution immunities of specific states,while these privileges have been bestowed the states in accordance with the principle of sovereign immunity,at least,as to the sovereign acts of the states.They did not obtained what it was to expect,and they have been subject to critics of many states and the international community.With the situation of anti-terro- rism changing,they become irrelevant.International responsibility of the states should not resort to domestic unilateral judicial actions,it should be settled by negotiation between the concerning states according to the principle of sovereignty equality.

关 键 词：国家主权 美国公民 美国法院 损害赔偿 统治行为 美国国会 国际社会 联邦法院 美国政府 强行法 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] D99