非均匀非稳态温度对人体散热影响的实验研究  

Experimental research on the effect of non-uniform and transient temperature on body heat dissipation

作　　者：王丽娟[1] 刘艳峰[2] 刘加平[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,陕西西安710048 [2]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055 [3]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《西安建筑科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期274-276 295,共4页Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51378411;51508434);西安工程大学博士科研启动基金项目(BS1311)

摘　　要：人体散热对热舒适研究有着重要作用.本文主要研究非均匀非稳态温度条件下,人体散热量和散热比例变化特性.在本次实验中,通过控制空气温度不变、平均辐射温度随时间改变的方法,来实现非均匀非稳态条件.在测试人体皮肤温度、服装外表面温度、体温以及各种环境参数等变量的前提下,得出人体各种散热量和散热比例,并给出它们的拟合公式.研究表明:在非均匀非稳态温度下,辐射和显汗蒸发散热随平均辐射温度变化较大,而对流、导热、呼吸和扩散散热变化较小.与以往研究相比,对流散热比例较小.可见,人体散热量和散热比例可以通过控制环境参数而改变.因此,在怎样的环境参数组合下,能采用最小的能耗来满足热舒适,将有较大的研究意义.Body heat dissipation is important for the research of thermal comfort.The purpose of the paper is to research the effect of non-uniform and transient temperature on body heat dissipation.In this experiment,air temperature was constant,and mean radiation temperature was changed with time to realize non-uniform and transient temperature.Apart from the skin temperature,outer surface temperature of cloths,body temperature,and various environmental parameters were tested.Body heat dissipating capacity and rate were also calculated according to these data.Besides,their fitting formulas were provided.Results show that in the non-uniform and transient temperature,the heat loss by radiation and evaporation of sweat change significantly with mean radiation temperature,while the convective heat loss,conductive heat loss,respiration heat loss,and heat loss by water vapour diffusion change little with it.Compared with the previous research,the convective heat loss is less.It's obvious that body heat dissipating capacity and rate can be altered by regulating environmental parameters.So the proper integration of environmental parameters for thermal comfort is realized by the minimum energy consumption.

关 键 词：人体散热 非均匀非稳态温度 实验测试 平均辐射温度 

分 类 号：TU831.1[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]