从重复叙事看《国语》的口头讲诵性质  

An Analysis of Verbal Statement Characteristics of GuoYu from Repeated Narration

作　　者：魏玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学文学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期66-72,共7页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"礼乐制度及其变迁与春秋文体源流演变研究"(09BZW020)

摘　　要：《国语》是先秦时期一部重要的历史散文,《晋语》《齐语》《吴语》《越语》四语中出现了大量程式化的重复叙事,涉及到语言、动作,可以分为语言重复和行为重复两种类型。语言重复按照人物和时间,又可以分为同人同时、同人异时、异人异时三种情况。同人同时就是人物A和B在同一时间范围内,只有一次对话,对话中的x结构重复了n次;同人异时是在A和B之间,时间经过n段,对话中的x结构重复了n次;异人异时是A和B的对话,分别在A和C、A和D之间重复,人物的替换暗示了叙事场景和时间的转换。行为重复指人物A和B的行为s,分别在A和C、A和D之间重复。瞽史通过讲诵的方式叙述历史,常用重复叙事的手法来记忆历史事件、嘉言善语。通过对《晋语》《齐语》《吴语》《越语》重复叙事进行分析,证明了这四语保留了口头讲诵的痕迹,是瞽史讲诵的记录本。GuoYuis an important historical essay in the Pre-Qin period.There are a lot of standardized repeated narrations in JinYu,QiYu,WuYu,YueYu.The repetition involves language and behavior.According to character and time,language repetition is divided into three types,including the same character at the same time,the same character at the different time,and the different character at the different time according to the character and time.'The same character at the same time'refers to character A and B in the same period of time but only have dialogue once,while model X in the dialogue is repeated N times.'The same character at the different time'is between character A and B,while model X of dialogue is used for N times with time passing N periods.'The different character at the different time'means the dialogue between character A and character B is repeated between character A and character C,and also between character A and D.The change of character implies the change of scene and time.Behavior repetition involves language and action.The behaviors between A and B is repeated between A and C,and also between A and D.Blind storyteller tells the history by means of repeating so as to recall historical events and educational sayings.From the analysis of JinYu,QiYu,WuYu,YueYu,it is obvious that the characteristics of verbal statement is shown in these four parts of GuoYu.

关 键 词：《国语》 重复叙事 瞽史 讲诵 

分 类 号：I207.62[文学—中国文学]