Dicer调节生殖功能的研究进展  

Research advances of Dicer in regulating reproductive function

作　　者：符梅[1] 徐克惠[2] 许文明[2] 

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学,成都611137 [2]四川大学华西第二医院四川大学-香港中文大学生殖医学联合实验室教育部出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《遗传》2016年第7期612-622,共11页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)(编号:2012CB944903);新世纪人才计划项目(编号:NCET-12-0382)资助~~

摘　　要：Dicer是微小非编码RNA生成的关键内切酶,介导微小RNA(micro RNA,mi RNA)和小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,si RNA)的产生,通过RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)途径实现转录或转录后水平基因调控,在调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等方面起重要作用。近年来Dicer基因在生殖领域的研究越来越受关注,最近的研究表明Dicer与男性生精细胞发育、精子形成及成熟、精子活力和形态生成、卵泡发育、排卵及黄体形成、性激素合成、输卵管功能、子宫内膜容受性等方面都有密切关系。繁衍后代需要精子和卵子的共同参与,Dicer可能通过影响精子和卵子的数量或者质量进而导致胚胎发育异常,因此理解Dicer在雄性与雌性生殖的重要调节作用对于理解生殖调节异常相关的疾病如无精子症、复发性流产等的发病机制具有重要的作用。本文对Dicer在雄性生殖道与雌性生殖中的关键作用进行了综述,旨在进一步从分子层面深入理解Dicer与生殖相关疾病的关系。Dicer, an RNAse III endonuclease, is critical for the biogenesis of small noncoding RNAs(micro RNAs), including the biogenesis of micro RNAs and small interfering RNAs, which transcriptionally and post-transcription ally regulate m RNA expression through binding to target m RNA and leading to subsequent m RNA degradation. Recent studies show that Dicer plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. It has been attracted more and more attention in the reproductive field. In the male reproduction field, mouse model shows that Dicer is critical for the develop-ment of spermatogenic cell, sperm maturation, sperm motility and morphology. On the other hand, Dicer is broadly involved in not only follicular development, ovulation, luteinization, sex hormone synthesis, but also regulating the functions of the fallopian tube, endometrial receptivity in female reproduction. Since sperm and egg are the only two types of gametes for producing offspring, Dicer dysregulation may be the underlying cause of compromised embryo development through affecting the quantity or quality of sperm and eggs. Therefore, understanding the function of Dicer in reproduction of female and male is of great significance to study the pathogenetic mechanism related to dysfunctional reproduction, such as azoospermia and recurrent spontaneous abortion. We review the pivotal roles of Dicer in the male and female reproduction field in order to understand the relationship between Dicer and related disease.

关 键 词：MIRNA DICER 精子生成 卵母细胞 胚胎发育 基因多态性 

分 类 号：R339.2[医药卫生—人体生理学]