植物外来种的生态风险评估和管理  

Management and Ecological Risk Assessment of Exotic Plants.

作　　者：向言词[1] 彭少麟[1] 任海[1] 周厚诚[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650 [2]广东省海洋资源研究发展中心,广州510070

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2002年第5期40-48,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目 (3 98993 70 ) ;广东省自然科学基金重大项目 (970 65 6;980 489;980 95 2 ) ;中国科学院重大项目 (KZ95 1-B1-110 );中国科学院生物特支费 (STZ -0 1-3 6)资助。

摘　　要：The invasion of exotic plants is a severe problem due to its tremendous damage and impact. The management and assessments of exotic plants are very important. The effective assessments include:①the properties related to establishment of exotic plant.② the factors which influence the spread of exotic plants;③ the impacts of exotic species. When evaluating exotic species, the three aspects should be integrated to assess exotic plants. Every guideline of assessment plays different role in assessment of different exotic species. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly important to predict which species will invade an area alien to them and to estimate what harm they can do. Three ways of predicting invasions of exotic species,should be conducted. Models may help us to evaluate the influence of exotic species. Managing exotic plants, especially the exthose with large distribution area, requires a coordinated strategy based on cooperation among all departments, which include forestry, agriculture, fishery, all land managers and so on. This strategy emphasizes on cooperation, education, and science, and is based on integrated management techniques. The management is divided into three steps. The first step is to effectively prevent new invasion, the second step is to control and eliminate exotic plants, in which mechanical methods, chemical means, and biocontrol technologies are used. Sometimes, the three ways are integrated in order to obtain better results. The third step is to effectively restore native vegetation and prevent reinvasion.The invasion of exotic plants is a severe problem due to its tremendous damage and impact. The management and assessments of exotic plants are very important. The effective assessments include:①the properties related to establishment of exotic plant.② the factors which influence the spread of exotic plants;③ the impacts of exotic species. When evaluating exotic species, the three aspects should be integrated to assess exotic plants. Every guideline of assessment plays different role in assessment of different exotic species. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly important to predict which species will invade an area alien to them and to estimate what harm they can do. Three ways of predicting invasions of exotic species,should be conducted. Models may help us to evaluate the influence of exotic species. Managing exotic plants, especially the exthose with large distribution area, requires a coordinated strategy based on cooperation among all departments, which include forestry, agriculture, fishery, all land managers and so on. This strategy emphasizes on cooperation, education, and science, and is based on integrated management techniques. The management is divided into three steps. The first step is to effectively prevent new invasion, the second step is to control and eliminate exotic plants, in which mechanical methods, chemical means, and biocontrol technologies are used. Sometimes, the three ways are integrated in order to obtain better results. The third step is to effectively restore native vegetation and prevent reinvasion.

关 键 词：植物外来种 生态风险评估 管理 生物入侵 

分 类 号：Q146[生物学—生态学]