中国鸟类特有种及其分布格局  

ENDEMIC BIRD SPECIES TO CHINA AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION

作　　者：雷富民[1] 卢建利[1] 刘耀[2] 屈延华[1] 尹祚华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]河北大学生命科学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《动物学报》2002年第5期599-610,共12页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程生物领域重要方向项目"青藏高原及其邻近地区动物区系及分布格局研究 (KSCX2 1 0 6A)";西部项目(KSCX1 0 7 0 3 B)资助~~

摘　　要：在广泛搜集有关分布资料、对我国鸟类特有种的地理分布情况进行系统整理并建立数据库的基础上 ,运用GIS (地理信息系统 )技术处理物种分布数据 ,研究了中国鸟类特有种的多样性及其分布格局。我们分析了我国现有鸟类特有种计 10 0种 ,隶属于 5 3属、 16科、 7目 ,约占我国现有鸟类总种数的 8%。我国鸟类特有种在水平分布上具有不均匀的特点 ,有 3个分布中心 ,即 :横断山中心、川北、秦岭及陇南山地中心和台湾岛屿中心。在垂直分布上则主要分布于从 180 0m到 340 0m的中、高海拔地区。The diversity and distribution patterns of endemic bird species in China were analysed with GIS software using a database of specimen collections and published references. There are 100 endemic bird species in China, belonging to 53 genera, 16 families and 7 orders, accounting for 8% of Chinas avifauna. Nine endemic genera are currently recognized including Tetraophasis, Chrysolophus, Crossoptilon, Ithaginis, Pseudopodoces, Rhopophilus, Kozlowia, Urocynchramus and Latoucheornis. The 2 dimensional distribution pattern shows that 61 species are found in Sichuan Province, 45 species in Gansu Province, 41 species in Yunnan Province and 36 species in Tibet, with much fewer species in other provinces and only 3 species in Jilin Prov. In terms of recognised zoo geographical subregions, 68 species are distributed in the “South West Mountainous Subregion”, 58 species in the “Western Mountainous Plateau Subregion” and 56 species in the “Qinghai Zangnan Subregion” with much fewer species in other Subregions, and only 3 species in the “Tianshan Hilly Subregion” and 1 species in the “Daxingan Mt. Subregion”. Three centers of endemism were identified by overlapping distribution maps, namely the “Hengduanshan Mountain areas”, “Mountain areas in north Sichuan Province and Qinling as well as south Gansu Province”, and “Taiwan Island”. These mainly are comprised of three habitat types: “High Mountain and Plateau”, “Himalayan Hengduanshan Mt.” and “Island”. The distribution patterns also show that most (45) endemic species are vertically distributed in areas of mid to high elevation ranging from 1 800m to 3 400 m. From 100 m to 1 800 m, species diversity increases with altitude, while from range 2 900 m to 5 500 m, the opposite occurs.

关 键 词：中国 鸟类特有种 分布格局 多样性中心 GIS 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学] Q958.52