元宝山冷杉群落学特点的研究  

Studies on the phytocoenological features of Abies yuanbaoshanensis community in Yuanbaoshan,Guangxi

作　　者：欧祖兰[1] 苏宗明[1] 李先琨[1] 宁世江[1] 向悟生[1] 唐润琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《广西植物》2002年第5期399-407,共9页Guihaia

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目 (编号 :桂科自 98110 13)

摘　　要：元宝山冷杉群落 30 0 0 m2 样方统计到 10 7种 ,隶属 52科 ,81属。种类组成中 ,单种科、少种属占的比例相当大 ,含单种的科有 2 7科 ,占 51.9%。单种的属有 6 3属 ,占 77.8% ;含两种的属为 12属 ,占 14 .8% ,两者共占92 .6 %。乔木层种类除了南方铁杉外 ,其它优势种类都为稳定型种群。乔木层的优势区系成分相当稳定 ,表明该群落为一种顶极群落。 71个种子植物属只有 11个分布区类型和 8个变型 ,仅占所有变型的 2 6 .7% ,地理成分不复杂 ,其中热带分布 2 7属 ,占 39.7% ,温带分布 38属 ,占 55.9%。热带分布以泛热带和热带亚洲为主 ,温带分布与东亚、东亚和北美洲间断分布密切相关。乔木层 16个优势种中 ,属中亚热带地理分布类型的有 13种 ,占81.3% ,其中重要值排列前 4位的种类均为中亚热带类型 ,所以元宝山冷杉群落为亚热带性质。元宝山冷杉不同群丛元宝山冷杉种群结构的差异反映了群落的演替过程。 10 7种组成种类中 ,常绿成分占 6 2 .6 % ,落叶成分占37.4 % ,其中矮高位芽植物最多 ,占 2 0 .6 % ,叶级以小型叶为主 ,占 57.9% ,叶型以单叶比例最大 ,占 81.6 %。各样地的物种多样性水平均较高 ,表明元宝山冷杉群落是一个处于稳定地位的顶极群落。According to a statistics in 3 000 m2 field of 6 samples,there are totally 107 species belonging to 81 genera of 52 families in the Abies yuanbaoshanensis community. The families with only one species and the genera with few species dominated. 51.9% of the families were found with one species,77.8% of the genera contain one species and 14.8% of the genera with two species,both account for 92.6%. In the arborous layer,the dominant species except Tsuga tchekiangensis were stable populations,so the dominant community floristic were stable,the result showed that it was a climax community. There are only 11 area types and 8 sub-types in 71 seed plant genera,only accounts for 26.7% of all the sub-types,so the geographical elements are discomplex. In 71 seed plant genera,27 genera belong to tropical, account for 39.7%,38 genera belong to temperate,account for 55.9%,and tropical genera mainly constituted by Pantropic and Tropic Asian,temperate genera constituted by East Asian and E. As-N. America disjointed.In the dominant species of arborous layer,83% is middle subtropical zonal type,of which the first 4 positions of important value index were all middle subtropical zonal types. This showed that the community was subtropical characteristic. The different population structures of Abies yuanbaoshanensis in different associations reflected the process of succession of community. There are 62.6% evergreen and 37.4% deblade in 107 species,of which the Na.ph was the first position accounts for 20.6%. Meanwhile,the leaf size class of the vegetation was mainly microphylla(57.9%),and 81.6% of the leaf pattern was simple leaf. The level species diversity in different samples are also high,this showed Abies yuanbaoshanensis community was a stable climax community.

关 键 词：元宝山冷杉 群落学特点 欧系成分 外貌 结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q949.66[生物学—植物学] Q948.15