拟水狼蛛的生物学生态学特性  

Biology and Ecology of the Wolf Spider Pirata subpiraticus

作　　者：李剑泉[1] 沈佐锐[1] 赵志模[2] 罗雁婕 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100094 [2]西南农业大学植物保护系,重庆400716

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第9期1478-1484,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：重庆市科委资助项目 [渝科委计 (1 999) 1 8号 ];高等院校博士点专项资助项目

摘　　要：运用田间观察与室内外饲养相结合的方法 ,对稻田蛛蛛优势种拟水狼蛛 Pirata subpiraticus的生物学生态学特性进行了研究。拟水狼蛛在重庆地区 1 a发生 3～ 4代 ,第 4代不完整 ,以第 2代历期最短 ,第 3代 (越冬代 )历期最长 ;以成蛛或幼蛛越冬 ;5月初即由田埂向稻田内迁移 ,在水稻生育期间出现 3次卵高峰、2次种群密度高峰 ;在田间具掘土作穴习性 ,室内发现 4龄后的幼蛛在袋状网内蜕皮、交配期和携卵期有结袋状网或幕状网的习性 ;属游猎型蜘蛛 ,可步行、跳跃在植株、水面、陆地等处捕食飞虱、叶蝉、粘虫、螟虫等多种稻虫 ,捕食量与龄期、蜕皮和性别有关 ;受惊时 ,能入水中潜行和潜伏。雌雄蛛均可多次交配 ,雌蛛一生可产卵 3～ 6次 ,卵囊含卵量 2 5～ 1 3 0粒 ,平均 75粒。平均孵化率 90 .5 %。孵化的幼蛛 ,先群集在雌蛛的背部 ,3～ 5 d后离开雌蛛分散捕食。幼蛛一般蜕皮 7～ 8次 ,出卵囊前已蜕皮至少 1次。拟水狼蛛的产卵前期 2～ 6d,平均 3 d;卵期 9～ 1 5 d,平均 1 1 .4d;幼蛛期 5 7～ 1 3 3 d,平均 81 .6d;成蛛期 1 2 8～ 1 86d,平均 1 40 d左右 ,雌蛛较雄蛛长 2 4～ 5 1 d,平均 3 9.6d。性比除第 1代外的各代均为雌多于雄蛛。论文详细记载了拟水狼蛛求偶与交配行为过程、产卵与护卵习性、孵化及携幼?Scientific understanding of spider biology is far behind spider taxonomy in China.Among the currently known 2361 spider species,the life history and biology of only twenty have been studied.Study has been focused on species of agricultural and forestry importance.The wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus (Araneae,Lycosidae) has a wide distribution and an abundant population. Its occurrence in rice paddy accounts for about 11 28% of the arthropod community and 20\^48% of the spider sub\|community,according to field investigation.The wolf spider is a predator of many insect pests such as plant hopper,leafhopper,paddy borer and rice moth in rice paddy.It is very important to study biological and ecological characteristics of the wolf spider so that it may be protected and even extended over a larger area.\;The biology and ecology of the wolf spider were studied by field and laboratory observation.In a field experiment,female adult spiders with laying egg\|sacs from a rice field were placed in a pot (16cm diameter and 20cm high) covered with an open top transparent plexiglass hood (14cm diameter and 25cm high) at the beginning of May and were allowed to freely feed on the natural insects.In a laboratory experiment,forty young spiders hatching from the egg\|sac were put into tins (6\^4cm diameter and 13\^5cm high),(one per tin),and they were fed with mosquito,leafhooper or plant hopper according to the pest status change in the field.Corresponding data were collected daily or at less\|frequent intervals.\;In the experiment,as expected,the spider overwintered with spiderlings and adults.It had 3～4 generations each year in Chongqing region.The duration of the 3\+\{rd\} generation was the longest,and that of 2\+\{nd\} generation was the shortest.The spiders began to move into the rice paddy from the farmland at the beginning of May.There were three oviposition peaks——10 May,25 June and 10 August,and there were two population peaks at the beginning of July and August in the rice field.In both laboratory and field,the

关 键 词：拟水狼蛛 生物学 生态学特性 行为学 稻田 

分 类 号：Q959.226[生物学—动物学]