五种小麦雄性不育系的初步研究  

Prelimilary Studies on Five Types of CMS Lines in Wheat

作　　者：王强[1] 雷国材[1] 马学峰 刘小宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨陵712100 [2]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2002年第4期58-62,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

摘　　要：对 K、V、Un、L、Sh型等5种小麦细胞质雄性不育系的分析结果表明,K、V、Un型不育系的恢复源广,且Un型不育系的恢复度普遍较高;L、Sh型不育系可被3个T型恢复系所恢复,且恢复度也较高。K、V、Un型的不育-恢复机制比较相似.但也存在着差别。杂种优势分析结果表明,杂种小麦籽粒产量优势普遍存在,平均超中亲16.92％、超高亲12.67％。产量构成因素的杂种优势大小次序为:单株穗数>千粒重>单穗粒数。恢复度不高是“三系”杂种小麦优势较小的主要原因之一,也可能是导致杂种营养生长优势相对超过生殖生长优势的原因。K、V型不育系杂种优势较小,L、Un和Sh型不育系杂种优势较强,尤其以L、Un型优势比较突出。Studies on the heterosis were undertaken based on the hybrids derived from five alloplasmic wheats with Aegilops kotschyi(K) , Ae. variabilis (Ⅴ) , Ae. triuncialis(L) , Ae. sharonensis(Sh) and Ae. uniaristata(Un) cytoplasms and their corresponding euplasmic wheat, which were all crossed with six restorer lines, respectively. The results showed that the fertilities of K,Ⅴ and Un type CMS lines were restored by extensive restorer lines. And Un type generally had a higher restoring degree than K and Ⅴ types. The fertilities of L and Sh type lines were highly restored by the three T type restorer lines. The mechanisms of male sterility-fertility restoration among K, Ⅴ and Un types were similar, but differences also existed. The heterosis of grain yields widely existed in hybrids. The mean yields were increased for 16. 92 percent and 12. 67 percent in comparison with those of the mid-parents and the better parents, respectively. The sequence of heterosis for three yield components was spikes per plant over 1000-kernel weight over kernels per spike. One of the major reasons for relatively lower heterosis of CMS hybrids was the low degree of fertile restoration, which might also lead to the relatively higher heterosis in vegetative growth than that in reproductive growth. The heterosis from K and Ⅴ Types were lower than that from Sh type, which was lower than that from L and Un types.

关 键 词：雄性不育系 小麦 恢复度 杂种优势 产量 产量构成因素 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]